{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T07:07:09Z","timestamp":1793516829243,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia on the clinical presentation and outcome of Bell\u2019s palsy. The study (comorbidity) group consisted of 50 patients with Bell\u2019s palsy associated with diabetes, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia; the control group included 46 patients with Bell\u2019s palsy, but without comorbid diseases. The House\u2013Brackmann grading system (I to VI) was used in order to assess the initial and final facial functions. Both groups of patients were treated with steroids and the antiviral agent acyclovir. The mean severity of initial facial paralysis was more significant in diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension, in comparison to the control group. Patients suffering from Bell\u2019s palsy and concomitant comorbidities have a poorer prognosis (HB III-VI) compared to patients without comorbidities. Increased glycosylated hemoglobin A1c levels (&gt;6.7%) were significantly correlated with unsatisfactory facial recovery. The pathogenetic mechanisms by which diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension affect the vasa nervosum of facial nerve have been described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T11:07:02Z","timestamp":1622113622000},"page":"2357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Evaluation of Effects of Diabetes Mellitus, Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertension on Bell\u2019s Palsy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3509-6519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Psillas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Academic ENT Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilponos Kyriakidi St., 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grigorios G.","family":"Dimas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilponos Kyriakidi St., 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6785-9176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Sarafidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Academic ENT Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilponos Kyriakidi St., 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0236-8760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Triantafyllos","family":"Didangelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilponos Kyriakidi St., 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7841-4428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasilios","family":"Perifanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilponos Kyriakidi St., 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Kaiafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilponos Kyriakidi St., 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daphne","family":"Mirkopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilponos Kyriakidi St., 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Tegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilponos Kyriakidi St., 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Savopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilponos Kyriakidi St., 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiannis","family":"Constantinidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Academic ENT Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital, 1, Stilponos Kyriakidi St., 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1080\/00016489.2018.1425902","article-title":"The effect of metabolic syndrome on Bell\u2019s palsy recovery rate","volume":"138","author":"Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05300-3","article-title":"Comparative prognosis in patients with Ramsay-Hunt syndrome and Bell\u2019s palsy","volume":"276","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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