{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:58:35Z","timestamp":1792411115367,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Sarcoidosis is associated with significant morbidity and rising health care utilization, which contribute to the health care burden and disease outcome. In the United States (US), evaluation of sarcoidosis mortality by individual states has not been investigated. Methods: We examined sarcoidosis mortality data for 1999\u20132018 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). America\u2019s Health Rankings (AHR) assesses the nation\u2019s health on a state-by-state basis to determine state health rankings. The numbers of certified Sarcoidosis Clinics within the US were obtained from World Association for Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders (WASOG) and Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research (FSR). The associations between sarcoidosis mortality and state health disparities were calculated by linear regression analyses. Results: From 1999 to 2018, the mean age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) in all populations, African Americans and European Americans were 2.9, 14.8, and 1.4 per 1,000,000 population, respectively. South Carolina had the highest AAMR for all populations (6.6\/1,000,000) and African Americans (20.8\/1,000,000). Both Utah and Vermont had the highest AAMR for European Americans (2.6\/1,000,000). New York State and South Atlantic had the largest numbers of FSR-WASOG Sarcoidosis Clinics (6 and 13, respectively). States with better health rankings were significantly associated with lower AAMR in all population (R2 = 0.170, p = 0.003) but with higher AAMR in European Americans (R2 = 0.223, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: There are significant variations in sarcoidosis mortality within the US. Sarcoidosis mortality was strongly associated with state health disparities. The current study suggests sarcoidosis mortality could be an indicator to reflect the state-level health care disparities in the US.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T23:16:46Z","timestamp":1622157406000},"page":"2366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["State-Level Health Disparity Is Associated with Sarcoidosis Mortality"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8418-7228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Che","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo-Catholic Health System, Buffalo, NY 14220, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ko-Yun","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chest Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5298-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Mirsaeidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33146, USA"},{"name":"Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33125, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.10","article-title":"Sarcoidosis: Clinical presentation, immunopathogenesis, and therapeutics","volume":"305","author":"Iannuzzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01819-2016","article-title":"Assessing the worldwide epidemiology of sarcoidosis: Challenges and future directions","volume":"48","author":"Cozier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. 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