{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T01:57:08Z","timestamp":1784771828647,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The role of worry and rumination in eating disorders (EDs) is controversial. This meta-analysis of the literature is aimed at clarifying the relationship between repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and EDs. In accordance with the PRISMA criteria, a comprehensive search of the literature was conducted on PubMed and PsycInfo from inception to March 2021. Search terms: \u201ceating disorder\/anorexia\/bulimia\/binge eating disorder\u201d AND \u201cworry\/rumination\/brooding\/repetitive thinking\u201d. A manual search of reference lists was also run. Forty-three studies were included. RNT was found to be associated with anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder. A moderating effect was found for \u201cpresence\/absence ED diagnosis\u201d and \u201csubtype of ED symptom\u201d. ED patients showed higher RNT than the general population. No differences were observed for age or between worry and rumination in the magnitude of their association with EDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T23:33:33Z","timestamp":1622504013000},"page":"2448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Repetitive Negative Thinking and Eating Disorders: A Meta-Analysis of the Role of Worry and Rumination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7329-8683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Palmieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK"},{"name":"Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, 20143 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Mansueto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, 20143 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Scaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, 20143 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Caselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK"},{"name":"Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, 20143 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2628-9100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Sapuppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK"},{"name":"Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, 20143 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4548-9578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcantonio M.","family":"Spada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Sassaroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, 20143 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Maria","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Studi Cognitivi, Cognitive Psychotherapy School and Research Center, 20132 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, 20143 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.85.5.909","article-title":"A Multidimensional Structure for Repetitive Thought: What\u2019s on Your Mind, and How, and How Much?","volume":"85","author":"Segerstrom","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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