{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T15:48:32Z","timestamp":1789573712250,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is possible that parasites may influence the course of COVID-19 infection, as either risk factors or protective agents; as such, the current coronavirus pandemic may affect the diagnosis and prevention of parasitic disease, and its elimination programs. The present review highlights the similarity between the symptoms of human parasitoses and those of COVID-19 and discuss their mutual influence. The study evaluated selected human parasitoses with similar symptoms to COVID-19 and examined their potential influence on SARS-CoV-2 virus invasion. The available data suggest that at least several human parasitoses could result in misdiagnosis of COVID-19. Some disorders, such as malaria, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths, can increase the risk of severe infection with COVID-19. It is also suggested that recovery from parasitic disease can enhance the immune system and protect from COVID-19 infection. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected parasitic disease elimination programs in endemic regions and influenced the number of diagnoses of human parasitoses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T13:25:43Z","timestamp":1623072343000},"page":"2533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The New Status of Parasitic Diseases in the COVID-19 Pandemic\u2014Risk Factors or Protective Agents?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kinga","family":"G\u0142uchowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Dzieci\u0105tkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1721-5676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"S\u0119dzikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6990-9165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Zawistowska-Deniziak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Witold Stefa\u0144ski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9762-9950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"M\u0142ocicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biology and Parasitology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Witold Stefa\u0144ski Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-818 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Tsieh, S. 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