{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:50:08Z","timestamp":1781535008169,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin condition that mainly affects the skin (cutaneous LP, CLP) and oral mucosa (oral LP, OLP). However, the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease are not fully elucidated. Over time, several theories that could explain the appearance of LP lesions have been postulated. The key players in LP pathogenesis are the inflammatory infiltrate consisting of T cells and the proinflammatory cytokines. The cytokines stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species that induce cell apoptosis, a defining element encountered in LP. The lead inquiry triggered by this revolves around the role of oxidative stress in LP development. There are currently numerous studies showing the involvement of oxidative stress in OLP, but in terms of CLP, data are scarce. In this review, we analyze for the first time the currently existing studies on oxidative stress in CLP and summarize the results in order to assess the role of oxidative stress in skin lesions offering a fresher updated perspective.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10122692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T11:19:20Z","timestamp":1624015160000},"page":"2692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Oxidative Stress in Cutaneous Lichen Planus\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2846-8134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona Roxana","family":"Georgescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina Iulia","family":"Mitran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 011233 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madalina Irina","family":"Mitran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Cantacuzino National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 011233 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilinca","family":"Nicolae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Matei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corina Daniela","family":"Ene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Carol Davila Clinical Hospital of Nephrology, 010731 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8285-7176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Loredana","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4983-7648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mircea","family":"Tampa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Victor Babes Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"A Review on Free Radicals and Antioxidants","volume":"4","author":"Ifeanyi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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