{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T22:10:59Z","timestamp":1779228659510,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coprolalia and echophenomena repeated in the patients\u2019 mind (CTPh\u2014cognitive tic-like phenomena) have been rarely recognized as part of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) symptomatology and their assignment to tics, OCD or other psychopathologies has not been settled. The aim of the paper was to assess the incidence and clinical associations of CTPh in GTS, and to establish if CTPh belong to the tic spectrum. We performed a prospective, one-registration study on a cohort of 227 consecutive patients with GTS. CTPh were diagnosed during the interview and defined as brief, sudden, involuntary thoughts that had corresponding complex vocal tics. CTPh occurred at some point in the lives of 34 (15.0%) patients. The median age at onset of CTPh was 14.5 years (IQR: 10.5\u201317.5). CTPh were found more frequently in adults, with the most frequent onset in adolescence (44.1%). Four mental phenomena resembling tics were recognized: echolalia (n = 17), coprolalia (n = 16), palilalia (n = 13) and repeating of words in the mind (n = 7). The older the age of patients, the more severe tics, and anxiety disorder significantly correlated with CTPh. CTPh may be considered as a part of tic spectrum with a substantial impact of anxiety disorder. CTPh are a late and age-related symptom of GTS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T13:02:10Z","timestamp":1624366930000},"page":"2749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cognitive Tic-Like Phenomena in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Piotr","family":"Janik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9489-402X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Dunalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Szejko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Bioethics, Medical University of Warsaw, \u017bwirki i Wigury 63 Str., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Jakubczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Nowowiejska 27 Str., 00-665 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2013). 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