{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T12:09:12Z","timestamp":1791806952858,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003243","name":"Ministerstvo Zdravotnictv\u00ed Cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-27449A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-27449A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003243","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Aims: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is a promising alternative treatment. Methods: This multicenter, open-label, noninferiority trial randomized patients with active left-sided UC (Mayo score 4\u201310) equally to FMT or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) enemas. FMT enemas were administered five times in the first week and then once weekly for 5 weeks. 5-ASA enemas were administered daily for 2 weeks and then every other day. The primary study endpoint was clinical remission, with a total Mayo score \u22642 at week 12 with no subscore &gt;1. Results: Sixty-one patients were screened; 45 were enrolled and randomized to FMT (n = 23) or 5-ASA (n = 22). Twenty-one FMT and 22 5-ASA patients completed at least the week 4 study visit and were included in the mITT analysis. Twelve FMT (57%) and eight 5-ASA patients achieved the primary study endpoint. FMT noninferiority with 10% margin was confirmed (95% CI: \u22127.6%, 48.9%). Adverse events occurred in 12 FMT (57%) and 13 5-ASA (59%) patients. Increased microbial diversity persisted 3 months after FMT. Conclusion: FMT is an effective treatment for left-sided UC and increased recipient microbiome diversity. Targeted microbiome modification may improve FMT efficacy. Further investigation is needed to guide donor and patient selection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T13:02:10Z","timestamp":1624366930000},"page":"2753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Fecal Microbial Transplantation versus Mesalamine Enema for Treatment of Active Left-Sided Ulcerative Colitis\u2014Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0440-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"B\u0159ezina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatogastroenterology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3815-3120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","family":"Bajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatogastroenterology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Wohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatogastroenterology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"\u010euricov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Centre for IBD ISCARE, 19000 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Hrab\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Medicine\u2014Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ale\u0161","family":"Novotn\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Medicine\u2014Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Ko\u017eeluhov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Department, I. Internal Clinic, University Hospital in Pilsen, 30100 Pilsen, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan","family":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Centre for IBD ISCARE, 19000 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1907-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Mr\u00e1zek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i., 14220 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9439-8168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate\u0159ina Ol\u0161a","family":"Fliegerov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i., 14220 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Kvasnov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i., 14220 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5793-3501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mekadim","family":"Chahrazed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Science, v.v.i., 14220 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4727-3685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Mare\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatogastroenterology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"\u0160pi\u010d\u00e1k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatogastroenterology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5656-9242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Drastich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hepatogastroenterology Department, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1237-9","article-title":"Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"569","author":"Arze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01973-8","article-title":"Meta-analysis of gut microbiome studies identifies disease-specific and shared responses","volume":"8","author":"Duvallet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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