{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T07:15:40Z","timestamp":1778656540274,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":185,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis remains unclear. This failure in understanding has been clinically impactful, as it has impeded the accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this disease. Unraveling the mechanisms of sarcoidosis will require input from basic and translational scientists. In order to reach this goal, scientists must have a firm grasp of the clinical aspects of the disease, including its diagnostic criteria, the immunologic defects, clinical presentations, response to therapy, risk factors, and clinical course. This manuscript will provide an overview of the clinical aspects of sarcoidosis that are particularly relevant for the basic and translational scientist. The variable phenotypic expression of the disease will be described, which may be integral in identifying immunologic disease mechanisms that may be relevant to subgroups of sarcoidosis patients. Data concerning treatment and risk factors may yield important insights concerning germane immunologic pathways involved in the development of disease. It is hoped that this manuscript will stimulate communication between scientists and clinicians that will eventually lead to improved care of sarcoidosis patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T11:45:40Z","timestamp":1624880740000},"page":"2857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Primer on the Clinical Aspects of Sarcoidosis for the Basic and Translational Scientist"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Marc A.","family":"Judson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2018.05.007","article-title":"A sarcoidosis clinician\u2019s perspective of MHC functional elements outside the antigen binding site","volume":"80","author":"Judson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum. 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