{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T22:02:43Z","timestamp":1788904963212,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pediatric patients with early onset (before the age of 6 years), antinuclear antibody positive, oligoarticular or polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and some children with no arthritis may develop chronic, anterior uveitis. Recent recommendations insist on the need to perform slit lamp examination every 3 months for at least 5 years in early onset JIA patients in order to diagnose uveitis before complications develop. Local steroid therapy is usually the first-line treatment. However, in patients requiring steroid eye drops for several months, systemic immunomodulatory therapy is indicated. Methotrexate (MTX) is then prescribed in most cases; however, some patients also need anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody therapy and, in some cases, other biologics to control uveitis and avoid long-term ocular damage. Expert ophthalmologists and pediatricians must be involved in taking care of such patients. Immunomodulatory treatment must not be too easily interrupted and may even be intensified in some cases, particularly if there is a need for optimal disease control before ophthalmologic surgery. In good responders to MTX and\/or biologics, treatment must be maintained at least 1 year, possibly even 2 years after achieving remission before tapering treatment intensity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T10:03:19Z","timestamp":1625047399000},"page":"2934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Chronic Uveitis: Recent Therapeutic Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Pierre","family":"Quartier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Immunology, Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"RAISE Reference Centre for Rare Diseases, IMAGINE Institute, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM Unit 1163, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"390","article-title":"International league of associations for rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Second revision, Edmonton, 2001","volume":"31","author":"Petty","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20945","article-title":"Patients with antinuclear antibody-positive juvenile idiopathic arthritis constitute a homogeneous subgroup irrespective of the course of joint disease","volume":"52","author":"Ravelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2017.01.011","article-title":"Adult patients with uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A retrospective review","volume":"52","author":"Kolomeyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haasnoot, A.J., Vernie, L.A., Rothova, A., Doe, P.V.D., Los, L.I., Schalij-Delfos, N.E., and de Boer, J.H. (2016). Impact of juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis in early adulthood. 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