{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:44:12Z","timestamp":1787507052305,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to achieve a better understanding of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We searched PubMed and Embase between December 2019 and March 2021 and included only peer-reviewed clinical studies or case series. The proportions of patients who had conjunctivitis, systemic symptoms\/signs (s\/s), Kawasaki disease (KD), and exposure history to suspected\/confirmed COVID-19 cases were obtained. Moreover, positive rates of the nasopharyngeal real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and serum antibody for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were recorded. Overall, 32 studies with 1458 patients were included in the pooled analysis. Around half of the patients had conjunctivitis. The five most common systemic manifestations were fever (96.4%), gastrointestinal s\/s (76.7%), shock (61.5%), rash (57.1%), and neurological s\/s (36.8%). Almost one-third presented complete KD and about half had exposure history to COVID-19 cases. The positivity of the serology (82.2%) was higher than that of the nasopharyngeal RT-PCR (37.0%). MIS-C associated with COVID-19 leads to several features similar to KD. Epidemiological and laboratory findings suggest that post-infective immune dysregulation may play a predominant role. Further studies are crucial to elucidate the underlying pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10132953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]],"date-time":"2021-06-30T10:03:19Z","timestamp":1625047399000},"page":"2953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ocular and Systemic Manifestations in Paediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Associated with COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Tzu-Chen","family":"Lo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0891-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Yen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Community Medicine Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.09.027","article-title":"Implications of COVID-19 for ophthalmologists","volume":"223","author":"McGhee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. 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