{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:25:34Z","timestamp":1761294334116,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Bari Medical School","award":["C.O.2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C.O.2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases characterized by common clinical features, such as inflammatory enthesitis, arthritis and\/or back pain. SpA is strongly associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I allotype B27. Ankylosing spondylitis has historically been the SpA subgroup with one of the strongest, best-proven associations with HLA-B27. The remaining SpA subgroups, namely psoriatic arthritis (PsA), inflammatory bowel diseases-associated arthritis\/spondylitis, reactive arthritis, and undifferentiated SpA (uSpA), have also been associated with HLA allotypes other than HLA-B27. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the association between the HLA class I and II haplotypes and the susceptibility to enthesitis and\/or arthritis (E\/A). Special attention was paid to E\/A responding to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) not fulfilling ASAS classification criteria (ASAS\u2212), as compared to ASAS+ forms including PsA and uSpA. The whole E\/A group showed significant independent associations with HLA-A28(68), B27, Cw3, Cw12, and DQ1; taken singly, PsA was associated with HLA-B27 and DQ1, uSpA with HLA-B16(38,39) and B27, and E\/A ASAS\u2212 with HLA-A28(68), Cw8, and Cw12. This study identified novel risk HLA allotypes for different SpA subgroups in an Italian population. HLA typing could aid the diagnosis and treatment of E\/A subgroups, including DMARDS-responsive forms not fulfilling ASAS classification criteria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10143006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T02:59:47Z","timestamp":1625540387000},"page":"3006","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["HLA Allele Prevalence in Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs-Responsive Enthesitis and\/or Arthritis Not Fulfilling ASAS Criteria: Comparison with Psoriatic and Undifferentiated Spondyloarthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Elvira","family":"Favoino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Livio","family":"Urso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Serafino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Misceo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Catacchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Prete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4072-4244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Perosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology (DIMO), Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, I-70124 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133645","article-title":"The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general","volume":"70","author":"Rudwaleit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. 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