{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:21:00Z","timestamp":1792005660292,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004569","name":"Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wy\u017cszego","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUB.E140.21.108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUB.E140.21.108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The all-too-frequent failure to rate pain intensity, resulting in the lack of or inadequacy of pain management, has long ceased to be an exclusive problem of the young patient, becoming a major public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the methods used for reducing post-traumatic pain in children and the frequency of use of such methods. Additionally, the methods of pain assessment and the frequency of their application in this age group were analysed. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 2452 medical records of emergency medical teams dispatched to injured children aged 0\u201318 years in the area around Warsaw (Poland). Results: Of all injured children, 1% (20 out of 2432) had their pain intensity rated, and the only tool used for this assessment was the numeric rating scale (NRS). Children with burns most frequently received a single analgesic drug or cooling (56.2%), whereas the least frequently used method was multimodal treatment combining pharmacotherapy and cooling (13.5%). Toddlers constituted the largest percentage of patients who were provided with cooling (12%). Immobilisation was most commonly used in adolescents (29%) and school-age children (n = 186; 24%). Conclusions: Low frequency of pain assessment emphasises the need to provide better training in the use of various pain rating scales and protocols. What is more, non-pharmacological methods (cooling and immobilisation) used for reducing pain in injured children still remain underutilized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10143056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]],"date-time":"2021-07-09T10:50:38Z","timestamp":1625827838000},"page":"3056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pre-Hospital Pain Management in Children with Injuries: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5850-3186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ada","family":"Holak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Rehabilitation, 01-234 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4245-5420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Czapla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-618 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Centre for Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzena","family":"Zieli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vinall, J., Pavlova, M., Asmundson, G.J.G., Rasic, N., and Noel, M. 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