{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:31:34Z","timestamp":1781195494449,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FJC2018-038168- I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FJC2018-038168- I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: to screen putative associations between liver markers and proinflammatory-related features concerning infectious morbidity and fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Methods: a total of 2094 COVID-19 positive patients from the COVID-DATA-SAFE-LIFES cohort (HM hospitals consortium) were classified according to median values of hepatic, inflammatory, and clinical indicators. Logistic regression models were fitted and ROC cures were generated to explain disease severity and mortality. Results: intensive care unit (ICU) assistance plus death outcomes were associated with liver dysfunction, hyperinflammation, respiratory insufficiency, and higher associated comorbidities. Four models including age, sex, neutrophils, D-dimer, oxygen saturation lower than 92%, C-reactive protein (CRP), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), FIB-4 and interactions with CRP, neutrophils, and CCI explained ICU plus death variance in more than 28%. The predictive values of ROC curves were: FIB-4 (0.7339), AST\/ALT ratio (0.7107), CRP (0.7003), CCI index (0.6778), neutrophils (0.6772), and platelets (0.5618) concerning ICU plus death outcomes. Conclusions: the results of this research revealed that liver and proinflammatory features are important determinants of COVID-19 morbidity and fatal outcomes, which could improve the current understanding of the COVID-19 physiopathology as well as to facilitate the clinical management and therapy decision-making of this disease under a personalized medicine scope.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10143112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]],"date-time":"2021-07-15T09:32:07Z","timestamp":1626341527000},"page":"3112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Proinflammatory and Hepatic Features Related to Morbidity and Fatal Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2505-1555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Ramos-Lopez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8054-6553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"San-Cristobal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Martinez-Urbistondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, 28050 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0681-7962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Mic\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8249-4547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Colmenarejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Unit, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Villares-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, 28050 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9898-6629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lidia","family":"Daimiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Control of the Epigenome Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Alfredo","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31009 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0311-8","article-title":"The trinity of COVID-19: Immunity, inflammation and intervention","volume":"20","author":"Tay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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