{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:33:38Z","timestamp":1792290818304,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20K16533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20K16533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20H03650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20H03650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20K21638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20K21638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21ek0210117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21ek0210117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Kitsuen Research Foundation","award":["1971000014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1971000014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Many studies have revealed numerous potential biomarkers for atherosclerosis, but tissue-specific biomarkers are still needed. Recent lineage-tracing studies revealed that smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contribute substantially to plaque formation, and the loss of SMCs causes plaque vulnerability. We investigated the association of SMC-specific myosin heavy chain 11 (myosin-11) with atherosclerosis. Forty-five patients with atherosclerosis and 34 control subjects were recruited into our study. In the atherosclerosis patients, 35 patients had either coronary artery disease (CAD) or peripheral artery disease (PAD), and 10 had both CAD and PAD. Coronary arteries isolated from five patients were subjected to histological study. Circulating myosin-11 levels were higher in the CAD or PAD group than in controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of myosin-11 was 0.954. Circulating myosin-11 levels in the CAD and PAD group were higher than in the CAD or PAD group, while high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations did not differ between these groups. Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed a significant association of myosin-11 levels with the presence of multiple atherosclerotic regions. Myosin-11 was expressed in the medial layer of human atherosclerotic lesions where apoptosis elevated. Circulating myosin-11 levels may be useful for detecting spatial expansion of atherosclerotic regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10143155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T21:16:48Z","timestamp":1626643008000},"page":"3155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Increased Plasma Levels of Myosin Heavy Chain 11 Is Associated with Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Lisa","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-6-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Ishigami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardio-Renal Medicine and Medical Science, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Tomiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1535-1925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-6-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0510-1030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, 6-6-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6979-9517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichiro","family":"Tasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0620-1685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1931-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeru","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, 6-6-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Taguri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2075-9738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshitaka","family":"Nagao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taishiro","family":"Chikamori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1803-0155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Utako","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-6-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0227-9","article-title":"Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"16","author":"Basatemur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0106-z","article-title":"Atherosclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Libby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.51","article-title":"The immunology of atherosclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Hansson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.69.5.377","article-title":"Risk of thrombosis in human atherosclerotic plaques: Role of extracellular lipid, macrophage, and smooth muscle cell content","volume":"69","author":"Davies","year":"1993","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv236","article-title":"Novel methodologies for biomarker discovery in atherosclerosis","volume":"36","author":"Hoefer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosissup.2018.04.001","article-title":"Standardization of laboratory and lipid profile evaluation: A call for action with a special focus in 2016 ESC\/EAS dyslipidaemia guidelines\u2014Full report","volume":"31","author":"Duarte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atheroscler. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-014-0547-7","article-title":"Biomarkers of plaque instability","volume":"16","author":"Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.2741\/4850","article-title":"Low-cost preventive screening using carotid ultrasound in patients with diabetes","volume":"25","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2020.103757","article-title":"Molecular signatures of atherosclerotic plaques: An up-dated panel of protein related markers","volume":"221","author":"Conejero","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-000-0081-5","article-title":"The good smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"2","author":"Schwartz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3866","article-title":"KLF4-dependent phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells has a key role in atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Shankman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.304634","article-title":"Transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells to macrophage-like cells during atherogenesis","volume":"115","author":"Feil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309799","article-title":"Extensive Proliferation of a Subset of Differentiated, yet Plastic, Medial Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Contributes to Neointimal Formation in Mouse Injury and Atherosclerosis Models","volume":"119","author":"Chappell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacobsen, K., Lund, M.B., Shim, J., Gunnersen, S., Fuchtbauer, E.M., Kjolby, M., Carramolino, L., and Bentzon, J.F. (2017). Diverse cellular architecture of atherosclerotic plaque derives from clonal expansion of a few medial SMCs. JCI Insight, 2.","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.95890"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06891-x","article-title":"Disease-relevant transcriptional signatures identified in individual smooth muscle cells from healthy mouse vessels","volume":"9","author":"Dobnikar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.23.2307","article-title":"Apoptosis and related proteins in different stages of human atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"97","author":"Kockx","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2680","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.22.2680","article-title":"Oxidized low-density lipoprotein is associated with apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells in human atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"102","author":"Okura","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1459","article-title":"Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells induces features of plaque vulnerability in atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Clarke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.175976","article-title":"Chronic apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells accelerates atherosclerosis and promotes calcification and medial degeneration","volume":"102","author":"Clarke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.094300","article-title":"The myosin superfamily at a glance","volume":"125","author":"Hartman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"175","article-title":"Identification of a 48 kDa form of unconventional myosin 1c in blood serum of patients with autoimmune diseases","volume":"5","author":"Myronovkij","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)34386-7","article-title":"Myosin: A highly sensitive indicator of myocardial necrosis after cardiac operations","volume":"98","author":"Seguin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(96)02673-3","article-title":"Perioperative myocardial cell damage assessed by immunoradiometric assay of beta-myosin heavy chain serum levels in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery","volume":"55","author":"Astorri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(00)00256-3","article-title":"Levels of myosin heavy chain fragment in patients with tissue damage","volume":"32","author":"Onuoha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Med Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)81717-3","article-title":"Identification of two types of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms by cDNA cloning and immunoblot analysis","volume":"264","author":"Nagai","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1012","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00329.2018","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of aortic smooth muscle cell secretions reveals an association of myosin heavy chain 11 with abdominal aortic aneurysm","volume":"315","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000251503.35795.4f","article-title":"Biomarkers of atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture","volume":"27","author":"Koenig","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107477","article-title":"C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and cardiovascular disease prediction","volume":"367","author":"Kaptoge","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1277","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00244.2004","article-title":"(+)Insert smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-B) isoform expression in human tissues","volume":"289","author":"Leguillette","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.20.5.1177","article-title":"Natural history and histological classification of atherosclerotic lesions: An update","volume":"20","author":"Stary","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.73.6.1000","article-title":"Human smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms as molecular markers for vascular development and atherosclerosis","volume":"73","author":"Aikawa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(98)00311-3","article-title":"Biphasic pattern of cell turnover characterizes the progression from fatty streaks to ruptured human atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"41","author":"Lutgens","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.901413","article-title":"Contribution of 30 biomarkers to 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in 2 population cohorts: The MONICA, risk, genetics, archiving, and monograph (MORGAM) biomarker project","volume":"121","author":"Blankenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Churov, A., Summerhill, V., Grechko, A., Orekhova, V., and Orekhov, A. (2019). MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Atherosclerosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20225547"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2003","article-title":"Molecular regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in development and disease","volume":"84","author":"Owens","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04447-7","article-title":"Integrin beta3 regulates clonality and fate of smooth muscle-derived atherosclerotic plaque cells","volume":"9","author":"Misra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.722355","article-title":"Smooth muscle cells healing atherosclerotic plaque disruptions are of local, not blood, origin in apolipoprotein E knockout mice","volume":"116","author":"Bentzon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000247243.48542.9d","article-title":"Smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis originate from the local vessel wall and not circulating progenitor cells in ApoE knockout mice","volume":"26","author":"Bentzon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.218578","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived smooth muscle-like cells are infrequent in advanced primary atherosclerotic plaques but promote atherosclerosis","volume":"31","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.1.36","article-title":"Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed coronary atherosclerotic plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespective of the dominant plaque morphology","volume":"89","author":"Becker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2007.12.001","article-title":"Apoptosis and necrosis: Detection, discrimination and phagocytosis","volume":"44","author":"Krysko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1448.012","article-title":"Clinical relevance of circulating nucleosomes in cancer","volume":"1137","author":"Holdenrieder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0114-9","article-title":"Abdominal aortic aneurysm: Update on pathogenesis and medical treatments","volume":"16","author":"Golledge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450119666171227223331","article-title":"Current Status and Perspectives on Pharmacologic Therapy for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm","volume":"19","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.6.1244","article-title":"Novel biochemical diagnostic method for aortic dissection. Results of a prospective study using an immunoassay of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain","volume":"93","author":"Suzuki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90194-9","article-title":"Diagnosis of aortic dissection by immunoassay for circulating smooth muscle myosin","volume":"345","author":"Katoh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03085963","article-title":"Regulation and characteristics of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic diversity","volume":"15","author":"Rensen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neth. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx251","article-title":"Lineage tracking of origin and fate of smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis","volume":"114","author":"Bentzon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0068","article-title":"Pericardial mesoderm generates a population of coronary smooth muscle cells migrating into the heart along with ingrowth of the epicardial organ","volume":"174","author":"Mikawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.020958","article-title":"Developmental origin of smooth muscle cells in the descending aorta in mice","volume":"135","author":"Wasteson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Development"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/14\/3155\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:31:02Z","timestamp":1760164262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/14\/3155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm10143155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10143155","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]}}}