{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T12:07:44Z","timestamp":1788955664414,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004442","name":"Narodowym Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/33\/N\/NZ5\/02132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/33\/N\/NZ5\/02132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004442","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article aims to explore changes in urinary concentrations of selected neurotrophins in the course of TENS therapy in children with overactive bladder (OAB). A two-group open-label prospective study was conducted. The intervention group comprised 30 children aged between 5 and 12 years old with OAB refractory to conservative therapy. They received 12 weeks of TENS therapy in a home setting. The urinary neurotrophins, NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4, were measured by ELISA at baseline and at the end of the TENS therapy. Total urinary neurotrophins levels were standardized to mg of creatinine (Cr). We compared the results with the reference group of 30 participants with no symptoms of bladder overactivity. The results revealed that children with OAB both before and after TENS therapy had higher NGF, BDNF, and NT4 concentrations in total and after normalization to Cr than the reference group in contrast to NT3. The response to the therapy expressed as a decrease of urinary neurotrophins after TENS depended on the age and the presenting symptoms. In conclusion, children older than 8 years of age with complaints of daytime incontinence responded better to TENS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10143156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T21:16:48Z","timestamp":1626643008000},"page":"3156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An Examination of the Relationship between Urinary Neurotrophin Concentrations and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Used in Pediatric Overactive Bladder Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6912-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Bagi\u0144ska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, 17 Waszyngtona Str., 15-274 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edyta","family":"Sadowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, 17 Waszyngtona Str., 15-274 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Korzeniecka-Kozerska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bia\u0142ystok, 17 Waszyngtona Str., 15-274 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30113-0","article-title":"Daytime urinary incontinence in children and adolescents","volume":"3","author":"Schroeder","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Child. 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