{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T08:29:27Z","timestamp":1765960167798,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abnormal body mass index (BMI) was associated with worse rheumatic markers in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Aiming to describe PsA and RA patients stratified by BMI, we performed a descriptive study in PsA and RA patients (two distinct cohorts) in the Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatic Diseases (SCQM) registry. New users of biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b\/tsDMARDs) were stratified by BMI at the start of their treatment (underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese). The PsA underweight and normal weight categories were merged. Age at disease onset and further characteristics at the start of the first b\/tsDMARD treatment were compared across BMI categories vs. the corresponding normal weight group. The study included 819 PsA (36.5% overweight, 23.8% obese) and 3217 RA patients (4.4% underweight, 31.8% overweight, 17.0% obese). Compared to the corresponding normal weight group, PsA and RA obese patients had significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher C-reactive protein, worse disease activity, and lower quality of life (QoL). Obese PsA patients had significantly worse skin manifestation and pain, while obese RA patients had significantly higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate and tender joint counts, as well as lower seropositive prevalence. To conclude, obese PsA and RA patients presented worse disease activity and poorer QoL than those with normal weight.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10143194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T11:26:10Z","timestamp":1626780370000},"page":"3194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparison of Psoriatic Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients across Body Mass Index Categories in Switzerland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5911-2037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enriqueta","family":"Vallejo-Yag\u00fce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Burkard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-6167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Burkhard","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Inselspital, University Hospital of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1210-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Axel","family":"Finckh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals of Geneva, CH-1206 Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7082-8530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Burden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/35007508","article-title":"Obesity as a Medical Problem","volume":"404","author":"Kopelman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2021, May 14). Body Mass Index (BMI) by Sex, Age and Educational Attainment Level (Last Update: 08-02-2021). Available online: https:\/\/appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/nui\/show.do?dataset=hlth_ehis_bm1e&lang=en."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Statistik, B. (2021, January 21). f\u00fcr \u00dcbergewicht und Adipositas\u2014Schweizerische Gesundheitsbefragung 2017\u2014Korrigierte Version 25 September 2020|Publikation. Available online: https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/de\/home\/statistiken\/gesundheit\/erhebungen\/sgb.assetdetail.14147705.html."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.07.001","article-title":"Obesity in Autoimmune Diseases: Not a Passive Bystander","volume":"13","author":"Versini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gremese, E., Tolusso, B., Gigante, M.R., and Ferraccioli, G. (2014). Obesity as a Risk and Severity Factor in Rheumatic Diseases (Autoimmune Chronic Inflammatory Diseases). Front Immunol., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00576"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.01.010","article-title":"Impact of Obesity on the Clinical Outcome of Rheumatologic Patients in Biotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Iannone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205741","article-title":"The Impact of Obesity on the Development and Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"73","author":"Finckh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-015-0550-z","article-title":"The Obesity Epidemic and Consequences for Rheumatoid Arthritis Care","volume":"18","author":"George","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000012","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2014-000012","article-title":"Obesity and Inflammatory Arthritis: Impact on Occurrence, Disease Characteristics and Therapeutic Response","volume":"1","author":"Sellam","year":"2015","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albrecht, K., Richter, A., Callhoff, J., Huscher, D., Schett, G., Strangfeld, A., and Zink, A. (2016). Body Mass Index Distribution in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Collaborative Analysis from Three Large German Rheumatoid Arthritis Databases. Arthritis Res., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1043-9"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker349","article-title":"Differences in Body Mass Index among Individuals with PsA, Psoriasis, RA and the General Population","volume":"51","author":"Bhole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204448","article-title":"Obesity Is Associated with a Lower Probability of Achieving Sustained Minimal Disease Activity State among Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"74","author":"Eder","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.160532","article-title":"The Association Between Obesity and Clinical Features of Psoriatic Arthritis: A Case-Control Study","volume":"44","author":"Eder","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22185","article-title":"Higher Rates and Clustering of Abnormal Lipids, Obesity, and Diabetes Mellitus in Psoriatic Arthritis Compared with Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"66","author":"Labitigan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kew326","article-title":"The Influence of Obesity on Response to Tumour Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Inhibitors in Psoriatic Arthritis: Results from the DANBIO and ICEBIO Registries","volume":"55","author":"Glintborg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22932","article-title":"Impact of Obesity on Remission and Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21711","article-title":"Obesity and the Prediction of Minimal Disease Activity: A Prospective Study in Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"65","author":"Peluso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, S., Facciorusso, A., Singh, A.G., Vande Casteele, N., Zarrinpar, A., Prokop, L.J., Grunvald, E.L., Curtis, J.R., and Sandborn, W.J. (2018). Obesity and Response to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1 Agents in Patients with Select Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLOS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195123"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-205094","article-title":"Overweight Decreases the Chance of Achieving Good Response and Low Disease Activity in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"73","author":"Sandberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1194-8","article-title":"Impact of Body Weight on the Achievement of Minimal Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"18","author":"Lupoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-020-04963-2","article-title":"Obesity and Its Role in the Management of Rheumatoid and Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"39","author":"Moroni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weijers, J.M., M\u00fcskens, W.D., and van Riel, P.L.C.M. (2021). Effect of Significant Weight Loss on Disease Activity: Reason to Implement This Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention in Daily Clinical Practice. RMD Open, 7.","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2020-001498"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202812","article-title":"Weight Loss and Achievement of Minimal Disease Activity in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Starting Treatment with Tumour Necrosis Factor \u03b1 Blockers","volume":"73","author":"Minno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-008-1073-z","article-title":"Underweight and Obese States Both Associate with Worse Disease Activity and Physical Function in Patients with Established Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"28","author":"Metsios","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"(2021, May 12). Die SCQM Foundation (Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatic Diseases). Available online: https:\/\/www.scqm.ch\/."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"(2021, May 14). World Health Organization (WHO), Body Mass Index (BMI). Available online: https:\/\/www.euro.who.int\/en\/health-topics\/disease-prevention\/nutrition\/a-healthy-lifestyle\/body-mass-index-bmi."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, R.S.G., de Almeida Martins, L.M., de Ataide Mariz, H., Dantas, A.T., and Duarte, A.L.B.P. (2019). DAPSA versus CDAPSA: Do We Need to Use CRP ?. Ann. Rheum. Dis.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215960"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"R Core Team (2018). R: A Language and Environmental for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available online: https:\/\/www.r-project.org\/."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"(2021, May 14). GraphPad Prism Version 9.0.2 for Windows. Available online: https:\/\/www.graphpad.com\/."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"(2021, May 10). State of Health in the EU Denmark Country Health Profile. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/sites\/default\/files\/state\/docs\/2019_chp_da_english.pdf."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"(2021, May 10). Heilsa Og L\u00ed\u00f0an I\u00b4slendinga. Available online: https:\/\/www.landlaeknir.is\/servlet\/file\/store93\/item22830\/Framkvaemdaskyrsla_2012_loka.pdf."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30136","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Clinical Response to Infliximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"63","author":"Klaasen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.14.1624","article-title":"Paradoxical Effect of Body Mass Index on Survival in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Role of Comorbidity and Systemic Inflammation","volume":"165","author":"Escalante","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150224","article-title":"Association of Body Mass Index Categories with Disease Activity and Radiographic Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis","volume":"42","author":"Vidal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000000278","article-title":"Fibromyalgia and Obesity: The Association Between Body Mass Index and Disability, Depression, History of Abuse, Medications, and Comorbidities","volume":"21","author":"Gota","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-013-0390-7","article-title":"Effects of Obesity on Function and Quality of Life in Chronic Pain Conditions","volume":"16","author":"Arranz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.33","article-title":"Obesity and Quality of Life: Mediating Effects of Pain and Comorbidities","volume":"11","author":"Heo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel124","article-title":"Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"45","author":"Armstrong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"587","article-title":"Mechanism Linking Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity","volume":"7","author":"Khan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24121","article-title":"Adiposity and Physical Activity as Risk Factors for Developing Psoriatic Arthritis: Longitudinal Data From a Population-Based Study in Norway","volume":"73","author":"Thomsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng, X., Xu, X., Shi, Y., Liu, X., Liu, H., Hou, H., Ji, L., Li, Y., Wang, W., and Wang, Y. (2019). Body Mass Index and the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Updated Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Biomed. Res. Int., 2019.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3579081"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108397","article-title":"Comorbidities Associated with Psoriatic Arthritis: Review and Update","volume":"214","author":"Merola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Miedany, Y. (2017). Comorbidity in Rheumatic Diseases, Springer Science + Business Media.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59963-2"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3788-1","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Clinical Response to Intravenous or Subcutaneous Abatacept in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"36","author":"Alten","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12691","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Response to Abatacept in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"46","author":"Gardette","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3505-5","article-title":"Body Mass Does Not Impact the Clinical Response to Intravenous Abatacept in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Analysis from the \"pan-European Registry Collaboration for Abatacept (PANABA)","volume":"36","author":"Iannone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2016.10.011","article-title":"The Effect of Body Mass Index on Clinical Response to Abatacept as a First-Line Biologic for Rheumatoid Arthritis: 6-Month Results from the 2-Year, Observational, Prospective ACTION Study","volume":"84","author":"Mariette","year":"2016","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2015.02.011","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Response to Rituximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"82","author":"Ottaviani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3183-3","article-title":"Body Mass Index and Response to Tocilizumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Real Life Study","volume":"35","author":"Gardette","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.140673","article-title":"Response to Tocilizumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Not Influenced by the Body Mass Index of the Patient","volume":"42","author":"Pers","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"(2021, February 23). Overweight and Obesity\u2014BMI Statistics\u2014Statistics Explained. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php\/Overweight_and_obesity_-_BMI_statistics."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.060319","article-title":"Redefining Overweight and Obesity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients","volume":"66","author":"Metsios","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.105","article-title":"Rheumatoid Cachexia and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"6","author":"Summers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13553","article-title":"Systematic Review of Depression and Anxiety in Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"22","author":"Kamalaraj","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130797","article-title":"Depression and Anxiety in Psoriatic Disease: Prevalence and Associated Factors","volume":"41","author":"McDonough","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2015.07.008","article-title":"Comorbidities in Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"41","author":"Husni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket169","article-title":"The Prevalence of Depression in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"52","author":"Matcham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/14\/3194\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:32:27Z","timestamp":1760164347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/14\/3194"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm10143194"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10143194","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-0383"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]}}}