{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T07:46:30Z","timestamp":1793605590655,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":201,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease induced by multifactorial causes and is characterized by bothersome, scaly reddish plaques, especially on frequently chafed body parts, such as extensor sites of the extremities. The latest advances in molecular-targeted therapies using biologics or small-molecule inhibitors help to sufficiently treat even the most severe psoriatic symptoms and the extra cutaneous comorbidities of psoriatic arthritis. The excellent clinical effects of these therapies provide a deeper understanding of the impaired quality of life caused by this disease and the detailed molecular mechanism in which the interleukin (IL)-23\/IL-17 axis plays an essential role. To establish standardized therapeutic strategies, biomarkers that define deep remission are indispensable. Several molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, and proteinase inhibitors, have been recognized as potent biomarker candidates. In particular, blood protein markers that are repeatedly measurable can be extremely useful in daily clinical practice. Herein, we summarize the molecular mechanism of psoriasis, and we describe the functions and induction mechanisms of these biomarker candidates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T11:53:23Z","timestamp":1626868403000},"page":"3199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Molecular Pathogenesis of Psoriasis and Biomarkers Reflecting Disease Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Masaru","family":"Honma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa 0788510, Japan"},{"name":"International Medical Support Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa 0788510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyoshi","family":"Nozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa 0788510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804595","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"361","author":"Nestle","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61909-7","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"386","author":"Boehncke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12544","article-title":"Biologics are more potent than other treatment modalities for improvement of quality of life in psoriasis patients","volume":"41","author":"Takahashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2021.01.002","article-title":"Utility of the Dermatology Life Quality Index at initiation or switching of biologics in real-life Japanese patients with plaque psoriasis: Results from the ProLOGUE study","volume":"101","author":"Imafuku","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-020-00441-4","article-title":"Relationship Between Rapid Skin Clearance and Quality of Life Benefit: Post Hoc Analysis of Japanese Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis Treated with Ixekizumab (UNCOVER-J)","volume":"10","author":"Honma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12895-020-00116-9","article-title":"Quality of life of patients living with psoriasis: A qualitative study","volume":"20","author":"Meneguin","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1193","article-title":"Patients with psoriasis feel stigmatized","volume":"92","author":"Salomon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13841","article-title":"Internalized stigma in psoriasis: A multicenter study","volume":"44","author":"Alpsoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.08.014","article-title":"Stigmatizing attitudes toward persons with psoriasis among laypersons and medical students","volume":"80","author":"Pearl","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.4006","article-title":"Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment of Psoriasis: A Review","volume":"323","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14139","article-title":"Pathogenesis of psoriasis and development of treatment","volume":"45","author":"Ogawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.07.008","article-title":"The immunogenetics of Psoriasis: A comprehensive review","volume":"64","author":"Harden","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16273","article-title":"The role of the interleukin-23\/Th17 pathway in cardiometabolic comorbidity associated with psoriasis","volume":"34","author":"Egeberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2011.01261.x","article-title":"The \u2018psoriatic march\u2019: A concept of how severe psoriasis may drive cardiovascular comorbidity","volume":"20","author":"Boehncke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15727","article-title":"Psoriasis: Recent progress in molecular-targeted therapies","volume":"48","author":"Honma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.2240","article-title":"Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints: Developing common terminology and definitions","volume":"315","author":"Robb","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01682","article-title":"The IL-17 family of cytokines in psoriasis: IL-17A and beyond","volume":"9","author":"Brembilla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2008.06.008","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides and self-DNA in autoimmune skin inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Gilliet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takahashi, T., and Yamasaki, K. (2020). Psoriasis and antimicrobial peptides. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21186791"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15184","article-title":"Dendritic cells: The driver of psoriasis","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23835","article-title":"Psoriatic skin lesions induced by tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy: A literature review and potential mechanisms of action","volume":"59","author":"Collamer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-018-8998-3","article-title":"IL-35: A new immunomodulator in autoimmune rheumatic diseases Treg Breg","volume":"66","author":"Sakkas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3895","article-title":"IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines: From discovery to targeted therapies for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases","volume":"21","author":"Teng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030451","article-title":"Increased Expression of Interleukin 23 p19 and p40 in Lesional Skin of Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris","volume":"199","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.01.007","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist TAK-242 inhibits autoinflammatory symptoms in DITRA","volume":"80","author":"Shibata","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20150376","article-title":"IL-23 induced in keratinocytes by endogenous TLR4 ligands polarizes dendritic cells to drive IL-22 responses to skin immunization","volume":"213","author":"Yoon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03704-z","article-title":"Epigenetic control of IL-23 expression in keratinocytes is important for chronic skin inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-133967","article-title":"Human CD25 high Foxp3 pos regulatory T cells differentiate into IL-17\u2014Producing cells","volume":"112","author":"Koenen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.139","article-title":"Foxp3 regulatory T cells of psoriasis patients easily differentiate into IL-17A-producing cells and are found in lesional skin","volume":"131","author":"Bovenschen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2746","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02746","article-title":"Psoriasis: Classical vs. Paradoxical. the yin-yang of TNF and Type i interferon","volume":"9","author":"Mylonas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.140.2.218","article-title":"Potential of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis","volume":"140","author":"Krueger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.169","article-title":"TNF biology, pathogenic mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies","volume":"12","author":"Kalliolias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-019-00733-8","article-title":"The pathogenicity of Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases","volume":"41","author":"Yasuda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2015.03.007","article-title":"Regulation of human helper T cell subset differentiation by cytokines","volume":"34","author":"Schmitt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.01.006","article-title":"IL-17 Signaling: The Yin and the Yang","volume":"38","author":"Amatya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.021","article-title":"The IL-17 Family of Cytokines in Health and Disease","volume":"50","author":"McGeachy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a028522","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028522","article-title":"Interleukin 17 Family Cytokines: Signaling and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"10","author":"Monin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau9657","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aau9657","article-title":"Interleukin-17 receptor D constitutes an alternative receptor for interleukin-17A important in psoriasis-like skin inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12560","article-title":"Interleukin-17 family cytokines in protective immunity against infections: Role of hematopoietic cell-derived and non-hematopoietic cell-derived interleukin-17s","volume":"62","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.09.003","article-title":"Interleukin-23-Independent IL-17 Production Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Permeability","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.08.019","article-title":"Differential Roles for Interleukin-23 and Interleukin-17 in Intestinal Immunoregulation","volume":"43","author":"Maxwell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215356","article-title":"The role of IL-17A in axial spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: Recent advances and controversies","volume":"78","author":"McGonagle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3111","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302313","article-title":"Epidermal Th22 and Tc17 Cells Form a Localized Disease Memory in Clinically Healed Psoriasis","volume":"192","author":"Cheuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21379","article-title":"Survival of tissue-resident memory T cells requires exogenous lipid uptake and metabolism","volume":"543","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.378","article-title":"Molecular phenotyping small (Asian) versus large (Western) plaque psoriasis shows common activation of IL-17 pathway genes but different regulatory gene sets","volume":"136","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13306","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of secukinumab in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis: A 52-week analysis from phase III open-label multicenter Japanese study","volume":"43","author":"Imafuku","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.01.066","article-title":"Secukinumab for moderate-to-severe palmoplantar pustular psoriasis: Results of the 2PRECISE study","volume":"80","author":"Mrowietz","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e468","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15082","article-title":"Palmoplantar pustulosis emerged on a case of generalized pustular psoriasis successfully treated by secukinumab","volume":"46","author":"Honma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.05.008","article-title":"The Chemokine Superfamily Revisited","volume":"36","author":"Zlotnik","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(03)00049-2","article-title":"The CC chemokine CCL20 and its receptor CCR6","volume":"14","author":"Schutyser","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102846","article-title":"CCR6-CCL20 axis as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases","volume":"20","author":"Meitei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.65","article-title":"Th17 cytokines stimulate CCL20 expression in keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo: Implications for psoriasis pathogenesis","volume":"129","author":"Harper","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.340","article-title":"Integrative responses to IL-17 and TNF-\u03b1 in human keratinocytes account for key inflammatory pathogenic circuits in psoriasis","volume":"131","author":"Chiricozzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2019.04.002","article-title":"Cyto\/chemokine profile of in vitro scratched keratinocyte model: Implications of significant upregulation of CCL20, CXCL8 and IL36G in Koebner phenomenon","volume":"94","author":"Furue","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.260","article-title":"CCR6 is required for epidermal trafficking of \u03b3\u03b4-T cells in an IL-23-Induced model of psoriasiform dermatitis","volume":"133","author":"Mabuchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI37378","article-title":"CCR6 is required for IL-23-induced psoriasis-like inflammation in mice","volume":"119","author":"Hedrick","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12460","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1704958114","article-title":"Protein engineering of the chemokine CCL20 prevents psoriasiform dermatitis in an IL-23\u2013dependent murine model","volume":"114","author":"Getschman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12846","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12846","article-title":"The CCL20 and CCR6 axis in psoriasis","volume":"91","author":"Furue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2011.11.007","article-title":"Chemokine receptors in the pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis","volume":"65","author":"Mabuchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1159\/000455840","article-title":"Psoriasis and Obesity","volume":"232","author":"Jensen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03573.x","article-title":"Relationships between obesity and the clinical severity of psoriasis in Taiwan","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12735","article-title":"Diet and physical exercise in psoriasis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"170","author":"Naldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.125849","article-title":"Long-term effects of weight reduction on the severity of psoriasis in a cohort derived from a randomized trial: A prospective observational follow-up study","volume":"104","author":"Jensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17741","article-title":"Does weight loss reduce the severity and incidence of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis? A Critically Appraised Topic","volume":"181","author":"Mahil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2020.110757","article-title":"Aggressive weight-loss program with a ketogenic induction phase for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: A proof-of-concept, single-arm, open-label clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"Castaldo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.722","article-title":"Effect of weight loss on the severity of psoriasis: A randomized clinical study","volume":"149","author":"Jensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.02.012","article-title":"Diet and psoriasis, part I: Impact of weight loss interventions","volume":"71","author":"Debbaneh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.11.010","article-title":"Bariatric surgery and psoriasis","volume":"70","author":"Sako","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13701","article-title":"The triad psoriasis\u2013obesity\u2013adipokine profile","volume":"30","author":"Coimbra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2010.01210.x","article-title":"Adipokines and psoriasis","volume":"20","author":"Gerdes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01507","article-title":"An update on the role of adipose tissues in psoriasis","volume":"10","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.02.023","article-title":"Adipose tissue, adipokines, and inflammation","volume":"115","author":"Fantuzzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.710509","article-title":"Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes are cross-sectionally related to markers of inflammation and oxidative stress: The Framingham Heart Study","volume":"116","author":"Pou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.023","article-title":"Visceral adipose tissue as a source of inflammation and promoter of atherosclerosis","volume":"233","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-04-459446","article-title":"Blood spotlight on leukocytes and obesity","volume":"122","author":"Carvalheira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.015","article-title":"Saturated fatty acids trigger TLR4-mediated inflammatory response","volume":"244","author":"Rocha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01807","article-title":"Psoriasis: Obesity and Fatty Acids","volume":"10","author":"Kunz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20190472","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome regulates adipose tissue metabolism","volume":"477","author":"Barra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.12.003","article-title":"The Skinny on Fat TRM Cells","volume":"47","author":"Cheuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.11.009","article-title":"White Adipose Tissue Is a Reservoir for Memory T Cells and Promotes Protective Memory Responses to Infection","volume":"47","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02491","article-title":"Misunderstandings between platelets and neutrophils build in chronic inflammation","volume":"10","author":"Ramirez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02376","article-title":"Neutrophils in Psoriasis","volume":"10","author":"Chiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00078","article-title":"The predictive value of inflammation-related peripheral blood measurements in cancer staging and prognosis","volume":"8","author":"Sylman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10833","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11398-4","article-title":"The Relationship between Hematological Indices and Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (ARDs), a Meta-Analysis","volume":"7","author":"Hao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13875","article-title":"Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume in Japanese patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: Response to therapy with biologics","volume":"44","author":"Asahina","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"e13457","article-title":"Neutrophil\/platelet to lymphocyte ratio in monitoring of response to TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors in psoriatic patients","volume":"33","author":"Nasiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-018-0538-x","article-title":"Associations between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios and the presence and severity of psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Paliogiannis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-012-1229-1","article-title":"Serum and tissue levels of IL-17 in different clinical subtypes of psoriasis","volume":"304","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.038","article-title":"\u03b2-Defensin 2 is a responsive biomarker of IL-17A\u2013driven skin pathology in patients with psoriasis","volume":"139","author":"Kolbinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.05.016","article-title":"Guselkumab Efficacy after Withdrawal Is Associated with Suppression of Serum IL-23-Regulated IL-17 and IL-22 in Psoriasis: VOYAGE 2 Study","volume":"139","author":"Gordon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13561","article-title":"Association between serum interleukin-17A and clinical response to tofacitinib and etanercept in moderate to severe psoriasis","volume":"43","author":"Fitz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.05.039","article-title":"Synergistic cytokine effects as apremilast response predictors in patients with psoriasis","volume":"142","author":"Garcet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.009","article-title":"Differential Roles of Interleukin-17A and -17F in Host Defense against Mucoepithelial Bacterial Infection and Allergic Responses","volume":"30","author":"Ishigame","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.05.020","article-title":"Metabolic Inflammation-Associated IL-17A Causes Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma","volume":"30","author":"Gomes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.03096","article-title":"IL-17A in Psoriasis and Beyond: Cardiovascular and Metabolic Implications","volume":"10","author":"Boehncke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.01.029","article-title":"Hyperglycemia Is Associated with Psoriatic Inflammation in Both Humans and Mice","volume":"139","author":"Ikumi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz009","article-title":"Coronary artery plaque characteristics and treatment with biologic therapy in severe psoriasis: Results from a prospective observational study","volume":"115","author":"Elnabawi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3766","article-title":"The IL-20 subfamily of cytokines-from host defence to tissue homeostasis","volume":"14","author":"Rutz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.020","article-title":"IL-10 Family Cytokines IL-10 and IL-22: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation","volume":"50","author":"Ouyang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646723","article-title":"IL-17 and IL-22 in immunity: Driving protection and pathology","volume":"47","author":"Eyerich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2011.11.011","article-title":"Podoplanin expression in wound and hyperproliferative psoriatic epidermis: Regulation by TGF-\u03b2 and STAT-3 activating cytokines, IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, and IL-22","volume":"65","author":"Honma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.08.008","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis: Two different immune diseases or one spectrum?","volume":"48","author":"Krueger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12248","article-title":"Serum interleukin-22 and vascular endothelial growth factor serve as sensitive biomarkers but not as predictors of therapeutic response to biologics in patients with psoriasis","volume":"40","author":"Shimauchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19018","article-title":"Ustekinumab for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in paediatric patients (\u22656 to <12 years of age): Efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic and biomarker results from the open-label CADMUS Jr study","volume":"183","author":"Philipp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02226","article-title":"The IL-20 cytokine family in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis","volume":"9","author":"Kragstrup","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41609-z","article-title":"Assessment and Clinical Relevance of Serum IL-19 Levels in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis Using a Sensitive and Specific Novel Immunoassay","volume":"9","author":"Konrad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00700","article-title":"IL-19 and other IL-20 family member cytokines in vascular inflammatory diseases","volume":"9","author":"Autieri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaar7754","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aar7754","article-title":"Type 3 cytokines IL-17A and IL-22 drive TGF-\u2013dependent liver fibrosis","volume":"3","author":"Fabre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13280","article-title":"The emergence of the IL-36 cytokine family as novel targets for inflammatory diseases","volume":"1417","author":"Walsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16597","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.723064","article-title":"Structural and functional attributes of the interleukin-36 receptor","volume":"291","author":"Yi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01412","article-title":"Structural basis of IL-1 family cytokine signaling","volume":"10","author":"Fields","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2020.109773","article-title":"IL-36 family cytokines in protective versus destructive inflammation","volume":"75","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2808","article-title":"Highlighting interleukin-36 signalling in plaque psoriasis and pustular psoriasis","volume":"98","author":"Furue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mercurio, L., Id, C.M.F., Capriotti, L., Scarponi, C., Facchiano, F., Morelli, M., Rossi, S., Pagnanelli, G., Id, C.A., and Cavani, A. (2020). Interleukin (IL)-17\/IL-36 axis participates to the crosstalk between endothelial cells and keratinocytes during inflammatory skin responses. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222969"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01162","article-title":"Interleukin-36 in infectious and inflammatory skin diseases","volume":"10","author":"Buhl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madonna, S., Girolomoni, G., Dinarello, C.A., and Albanesi, C. (2019). The significance of Il-36 hyperactivation and Il-36R targeting in psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133318"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15631","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15892-7","article-title":"The psoriasis-associated IL-17A induces and cooperates with IL-36 cytokines to control keratinocyte differentiation and function","volume":"7","author":"Pfaff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.532","article-title":"IL-36\u03b3 (IL-1F9) Is a Biomarker for Psoriasis Skin Lesions","volume":"135","author":"Wagenpfeil","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2265","article-title":"Interleukin-36\u03b3 (IL-1F9) identifies psoriasis among patients with erythroderma","volume":"96","author":"Braegelmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04219.x","article-title":"Cellular localization of fractalkine at sites of inflammation: Antigen-presenting cells in psoriasis express high levels of fractalkine","volume":"144","author":"Raychaudhuri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI11517","article-title":"Fractalkine (CX3CL1) as an amplification circuit of polarized Th1 responses","volume":"107","author":"Fraticelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(03)00031-8","article-title":"Human keratinocytes express fractalkine\/CX3CL1","volume":"31","author":"Sugaya","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2006.00486.x","article-title":"The CX3CL1-CX3CR1 system and psoriasis","volume":"15","author":"Plant","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2016.03.004","article-title":"CX3CR1 deficiency attenuates imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation with decreased M1 macrophages","volume":"82","author":"Morimura","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"556","article-title":"Elevated local and serum CX3CL1(Fractalkine) Expression and its association with disease severity in patients with psoriasis","volume":"45","author":"Congjun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.02.030","article-title":"Expression of fractalkine and its receptor, CX3CR1, in atopic dermatitis: Possible contribution to skin inflammation","volume":"113","author":"Echigo","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17795","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408096101","article-title":"Major reduction of antherosclerosis in fractalkine (CX3CL1)-deficient mice is at the brachiocephalic artery, not the aortic root","volume":"101","author":"Teupser","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14466","article-title":"A guide to chemokines and their receptors","volume":"285","author":"Hughes","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2006.06.002","article-title":"Thymus and activation regulated chemokine (TARC)\/CCL17 and skin diseases","volume":"43","author":"Saeki","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780242","article-title":"Potential role of the chemokine receptors CXCR3, CCR4, and the integrin \u03b1E\u03b27 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"81","author":"Rottman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.113237","article-title":"Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in atopic dermatitis: Serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine level is closely related with disease activity","volume":"107","author":"Kakinuma","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14308","article-title":"Alteration of serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine level during biologic therapy for psoriasis: Possibility as a marker reflecting favorable response to anti-interleukin-17A agents","volume":"45","author":"Shibuya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0423-0","article-title":"c-Kit-positive ILC2s exhibit an ILC3-like signature that may contribute to IL-17-mediated pathologies","volume":"20","author":"Bernink","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15511","article-title":"Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) in patients with psoriasis: Increased serum TARC levels in patients with generalized pustular psoriasis","volume":"47","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2921","article-title":"Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease","volume":"11","author":"Ouchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2015.04.014","article-title":"Adipokines in health and disease","volume":"36","author":"Fasshauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2019.03.030","article-title":"Adipokines: Linking metabolic syndrome, the immune system, and arthritic diseases","volume":"165","author":"Francisco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.07.001","article-title":"Obesity in autoimmune diseases: Not a passive bystander","volume":"13","author":"Versini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22260","article-title":"Serum levels of adipokines and cytokines in psoriasis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(01)00522-7","article-title":"Resistin and obesity-associated insulin resistance","volume":"13","author":"Steppan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-012-1310-9","article-title":"Increased plasma resistin and decreased omentin levels in Japanese patients with psoriasis","volume":"305","author":"Takahashi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_142","first-page":"273","article-title":"Effects of treatment for psoriasis on circulating levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"179","author":"Kyriakou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13131","article-title":"Relationship of Leptin with adiposity and inflammation and Resistin with disease severity in Psoriatic patients undergoing anti-TNF-alpha therapy","volume":"29","author":"Pina","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.06.006","article-title":"Increased serum leptin and resistin levels and increased carotid intima-media wall thickness in patients with psoriasis: Is psoriasis associated with atherosclerosis?","volume":"71","author":"Robati","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio1398","article-title":"Protective vascular and myocardial effects of adiponectin","volume":"6","author":"Goldstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7687","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8687","article-title":"Adiponectin regulates psoriasiform skin inflammation by suppressing IL-17 production from \u03b3\u03b4-T cells","volume":"6","author":"Shibata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03647.x","article-title":"Circulating adipokine levels in Portuguese patients with psoriasis vulgaris according to body mass index, severity and therapy","volume":"24","author":"Coimbra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03947.x","article-title":"Effective continuous systemic therapy of severe plaque-type psoriasis is accompanied by amelioration of biomarkers of cardiovascular risk: Results of a prospective longitudinal observational study","volume":"25","author":"Boehncke","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2019.1621979","article-title":"Adiponectin levels in a large pooled plaque psoriasis study population","volume":"31","author":"Gerdes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dermatolog. Treat."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17700","article-title":"Plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor-\u03b1 and adiponectin can differentiate patients with psoriatic arthritis from those with psoriasis","volume":"181","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.387","article-title":"Antimicrobial Peptides: Old Molecules with New Ideas","volume":"132","author":"Nakatsuji","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau5480","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau5480","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: Application informed by evolution","volume":"368","author":"Lazzaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30327-3","article-title":"The value of antimicrobial peptides in the age of resistance","volume":"20","author":"Magana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2008.12.003","article-title":"AMPed up immunity: How antimicrobial peptides have multiple roles in immune defense","volume":"30","author":"Lai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01401.x","article-title":"Expression of the peptide antibiotics human \u03b2 defensin-1 and human \u03b2 defensin-2 in normal human skin","volume":"117","author":"Ali","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jansen, P.A.M., Rodijk-Olthuis, D., Hollox, E.J., Kamsteeg, M., Tjabringa, G.S., de Jongh, G.J., van Vlijmen-Willems, I.M.J.J., Bergboer, J.G.M., van Rossum, M.M., and de Jong, E.M.G.J. (2009). \u03b2-Defensin-2 protein is a serum biomarker for disease activity in psoriasis and reaches biologically relevant concentrations in lesional skin. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004725"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15278","article-title":"Assessment of serum biomarkers in patients with plaque psoriasis on secukinumab","volume":"47","author":"Morita","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1159\/000475809","article-title":"Serum Human Beta-Defensin-2 Is a Possible Biomarker for Monitoring Response to JAK Inhibitor in Psoriasis Patients","volume":"233","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2020.118677","article-title":"Role of S100 proteins in health and disease","volume":"1867","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2007.08.016","article-title":"Innate immunity and antimicrobial defense systems in psoriasis","volume":"25","author":"Gallo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2016.01.002","article-title":"S100A7: A rAMPing up AMP molecule in psoriasis","volume":"32","author":"Skarmoutsou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18807","article-title":"Psoriasin (S100A7) is increased in the serum of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis","volume":"182","author":"Maurelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13370","article-title":"Serum levels of psoriasin (S100A7) and koebnerisin (S100A15) as potential markers of atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis","volume":"43","author":"Awad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2015.05.007","article-title":"Leukocyte-derived koebnerisin (S100A15) and psoriasin (S100A7) are systemic mediators of inflammation in psoriasis","volume":"79","author":"Hattinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01610.x","article-title":"Overexpression of serpin squamous cell carcinoma antigens in psoriatic skin","volume":"118","author":"Takeda","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14426","article-title":"Elevation of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 in patients with psoriasis: Associations with disease severity and response to the treatment","volume":"174","author":"Watanabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2012.1594","article-title":"STAT3 signal transduction through interleukin-22 in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"41","author":"Naher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02353.x","article-title":"The squamous cell carcinoma antigens as relevant biomarkers of atopic dermatitis","volume":"35","author":"Mitsuishi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2017.06.016","article-title":"Serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma antigens 1 and 2 reflect disease severity and clinical type of atopic dermatitis in adult patients","volume":"67","author":"Okawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergol. Int."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2004.tb00672.x","article-title":"Unique keratinization process in psoriasis: Late differentiation markers are abolished because of the premature cell death","volume":"31","author":"Iizuka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2002.01803.x","article-title":"Elafin, a secretory protein, is cross-linked into the cornified cell envelopes from the inside of psoriatic keratinocytes","volume":"119","author":"Nakane","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12391802","article-title":"Up-regulation of elafin\/SKALP gene expression in psoriatic epidermis","volume":"103","author":"Nonomura","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2010-0095RT","article-title":"Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor and elafin\/trappin-2: Versatile mucosal antimicrobials and regulators of immunity","volume":"42","author":"Sallenave","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14217","article-title":"Serum elafin as a potential inflammatory marker in psoriasis","volume":"58","author":"Elgharib","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.11.003","article-title":"Role of the endogenous elastase inhibitor, elafin, in cardiovascular injury: From epithelium to endothelium","volume":"83","author":"Alam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2019.09.015","article-title":"High-throughput targeted proteomics discovery approach and spontaneous reperfusion in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction","volume":"220","author":"Shavadia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12345","article-title":"LRG1 promotes angiogenesis by modulating endothelial TGF-\u03b2 signalling","volume":"499","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5988","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62989-7","article-title":"Plasma Leucine-Rich \u03b1-2-Glycoprotein 1 Predicts Cardiovascular Disease Risk in End-Stage Renal Disease","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1349-2","article-title":"Leucine-rich alpha 2 glycoprotein promotes Th17 differentiation and collagen-induced arthritis in mice through enhancement of TGF-\u03b2-Smad2 signaling in na\u00efve helper T cells","volume":"19","author":"Urushima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2017.01.008","article-title":"Leucine-rich \u03b1-2 glycoprotein is an innovative biomarker for psoriasis","volume":"86","author":"Nakajima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3VMR0415-142R","article-title":"YKL-40\/CHI3L1 drives inflammation on the road of tumor progression","volume":"98","author":"Libreros","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2013.03.016","article-title":"Diverse pathological implications of YKL-40: Answers may lie in \u201coutside-in\u201d signaling","volume":"25","author":"Prakash","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.09.035","article-title":"YKL-40 as a novel biomarker in cardio-metabolic disorders and inflammatory diseases","volume":"511","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2011.06.012","article-title":"YKL-40 (chitinase 3-like-1) as a biomarker for psoriasis vulgaris and pustular psoriasis","volume":"64","author":"Imai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14606","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14606","article-title":"Serum YKL-40 and IL 17 in Psoriasis: Reliability as prognostic markers for disease severity and responsiveness to treatment","volume":"34","author":"Khashaba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12653","article-title":"Serum YKL-40 in psoriasis with and without arthritis; Correlation with disease activity and high-resolution power Doppler ultrasonographic joint findings","volume":"29","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-014-2277-y","article-title":"Serum YKL-40: A potential biomarker for psoriasis or endothelial dysfunction in psoriasis?","volume":"400","author":"Erfan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.122","article-title":"Metabolic functions of FABPs\u2014Mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"11","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32679","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R110.135210","article-title":"Tissue-specific functions in the fatty acid-binding protein family","volume":"285","author":"Storch","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-7364-5-3-170","article-title":"The human fatty acid-binding protein family: Evolutionary divergences and functions","volume":"5","author":"Smathers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Genom."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-1811(97)00615-4","article-title":"Immunohistochemical distribution of cutaneous fatty acid-binding protein in human skin","volume":"16","author":"Watanabe","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555577014019","article-title":"Skin-derived antileukoproteinase (SKALP) and epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP): Two novel markers of the psoriatic phenotype that respond differentially to topical steroid","volume":"77","author":"Kuijpers","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12616641","article-title":"Molecular cloning and expression of a novel keratinocyte protein (psoriasis-associated fatty acid-binding protein [PA-FABP]) that is highly upregulated in psoriatic skin and that shares similarity to fatty acid-binding proteins","volume":"99","author":"Madsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.342","article-title":"Epidermal FABP (FABP5) regulates keratinocyte differentiation by 13(S)-HODE-mediated activation of the NF-B signaling pathway","volume":"131","author":"Ogawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12111","article-title":"E-FABP induces differentiation in normal human keratinocytes and modulates the differentiation process in psoriatic keratinocytes in vitro","volume":"22","author":"Dallaglio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-017-1748-x","article-title":"Serum fatty acid profile in psoriasis and its comorbidity","volume":"309","author":"Baran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-016-4211-4","article-title":"Serum Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 is Increased in Patients with Psoriasis","volume":"52","author":"Baran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e116","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14638","article-title":"Serum fatty acid-binding protein 4 level is inversely correlated with serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine level in psoriatic patients achieving clear skin by biologics","volume":"46","author":"Honma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e223","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14284","article-title":"Persistent pruritus in psoriatic patients during administration of biologics","volume":"45","author":"Shibuya","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01917-w","article-title":"Liver fatty acid-binding protein might be a predictive marker of clinical response to systemic treatment in psoriasis","volume":"311","author":"Baran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Stec, A., Chrabaszcz, M., Waskiel-Burnat, A., Zaremba, M., Olszewska, M., and Rudnicka, L. (2019). Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein, a Biomarker of Intestinal Barrier, is Associated with Severity of Psoriasis. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8071021"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/15\/3199\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:32:37Z","timestamp":1760164357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/15\/3199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"references-count":201,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm10153199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10153199","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]}}}