{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:43:54Z","timestamp":1791999834460,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The inclusion of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) in the ICD-11 has sparked research interest on this topic in recent years. This review aims to investigate gender differences in Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CBD) and persons with CSBD. While impulsivity and psychiatric comorbidity play a role in persons with CSBD regardless of gender, some gender differences can be identified. CSBD is more prevalent in men, with a higher rate of reported sexual behaviors and higher scores on questionnaires measuring CSBD related symptoms. Neuroticism and stress vulnerability seem to play a more important role in the symptomatology of CSBD in women. While it seems plausible that childhood adversities play a role in the development of CSB, the manner with respect to how these adversities affect men and women differently is still to be explored. More clinical studies including the female CSBD population are required to infer clinical implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]],"date-time":"2021-07-21T11:53:23Z","timestamp":1626868403000},"page":"3205","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Is Compulsive Sexual Behavior Different in Women Compared to Men?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Laura I.","family":"K\u00fcrbitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peer","family":"Briken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sex Research, Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019). Compulsive Sexual Behaviour Disorder, WHO. Available online: https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse11\/l-m\/en#\/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1630268048."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-020-0343-7","article-title":"An integrated model to assess and treat compulsive sexual behaviour disorder","volume":"17","author":"Briken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Urol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2020.101925","article-title":"Sexual addiction 25 years on: A systematic and methodological review of empirical literature and an agenda for future research","volume":"82","author":"Grubbs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2012.701268","article-title":"Evaluation and treatment of sex addiction","volume":"40","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Sex Marital Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490409552230","article-title":"Sexual addiction, sexual compulsivity, sexual impulsivity, or what? Toward a theoretical model","volume":"41","author":"Bancroft","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sex Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.072","article-title":"Barriers to female sex addiction treatment in the UK","volume":"5","author":"Dhuffar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-017-0723-0","article-title":"Dispositional Mindfulness, Shame, and Compulsive Sexual Behaviors among Men in Residential Treatment for Substance Use Disorders","volume":"8","author":"Brem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mindfulness"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20499","article-title":"Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11","volume":"17","author":"Kraus","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.3.2014.4.4","article-title":"Understanding the role of shame and its consequences in female hypersexual behaviours: A pilot study","volume":"3","author":"Dhuffar","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2004.10107.x","article-title":"Revised definitions of women\u2019s sexual dysfunction","volume":"1","author":"Basson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2008.06.005","article-title":"Epidemiology, prevalence, and natural history of compulsive sexual behavior","volume":"31","author":"Kuzma","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-8993-y","article-title":"High rates of sexual behavior in the general population: Correlates and predictors","volume":"35","author":"Langstrom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e184468","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.4468","article-title":"Prevalence of Distress Associated With Difficulty Controlling Sexual Urges, Feelings, and Behaviors in the United States","volume":"1","author":"Dickenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.01.009","article-title":"A Network Approach to Hypersexuality: Insights and Clinical Implications","volume":"15","author":"Werner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esxm.2017.08.001","article-title":"Hypersexual Disorder According to the Hypersexual Disorder Screening Inventory in Help-Seeking Swedish Men and Women With Self-Identified Hypersexual Behavior","volume":"5","author":"Hallberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1080\/10720162.2011.555709","article-title":"Reliability, validity, and psychometric development of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory in an outpatient sample of men","volume":"18","author":"Reid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex. Addict. Compulsivity"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2868","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2012.02936.x","article-title":"Report of findings in a DSM-5 field trial for hypersexual disorder","volume":"9","author":"Reid","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3088","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12117","article-title":"A psychometric investigation of the hypersexual disorder screening inventory among highly sexually active gay and bisexual men: An item response theory analysis","volume":"10","author":"Parsons","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"115","article-title":"Psychometric development of the hypersexual behavior consequences scale","volume":"1","author":"Reid","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Behav. Arch."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"29","article-title":"Sexual addiction screening test (SAST)","volume":"54","author":"Carnes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Tenn. Nurse"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6503_16","article-title":"Sexual sensation seeking and sexual compulsivity scales: Validity, and predicting HIV risk behavior","volume":"65","author":"Kalichman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Personal. Assess."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-9127-2","article-title":"The Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory: Psychometric Properties","volume":"36","author":"Miner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.16","article-title":"Hypersexual behavior in a large online sample: Individual characteristics and signs of coercive sexual behavior","volume":"8","author":"Engel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-018-1230-7","article-title":"Hypersexuality, Higher Rates of Intercourse, Masturbation, Sexual Fantasy, and Early Sexual Interest Relate to Higher Sexual Excitation\/Arousal","volume":"47","author":"Walton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-015-0606-1","article-title":"An Online Assessment of Personality, Psychological, and Sexuality Trait Variables Associated with Self-Reported Hypersexual Behavior","volume":"46","author":"Walton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12865","article-title":"Hypersexuality and high sexual desire: Exploring the structure of problematic sexuality","volume":"12","author":"Carvalho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.10.016","article-title":"Profiles of cyberpornography use and sexual well-being in adults","volume":"14","author":"Labadie","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00025","article-title":"Occurrence and clinical characteristics of Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD): A cluster analysis in two independent community samples","volume":"9","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-018-1273-9","article-title":"Understanding the Latent Structure of Hypersexuality: A Taxometric Investigation","volume":"47","author":"Kingston","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.07.015","article-title":"Deviance or Normalcy? The Relationship Among Paraphilic Thoughts and Behaviors, Hypersexuality, and Psychopathology in a Sample of University Students","volume":"15","author":"Castellini","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.4.2015.030","article-title":"The role of negative mood states and consequences of hypersexual behaviours in predicting hypersexuality among university students","volume":"4","author":"Dhuffar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490409552241","article-title":"Sexual compulsivity among heterosexual college students","volume":"41","author":"Dodge","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sex Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/10720160902905421","article-title":"Childhood characteristics and personal dispositions to sexually compulsive behavior among young adults","volume":"16","author":"Perera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sex. Addict. Compulsivity"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.03.020","article-title":"Use of Geosocial Networking Applications Is Associated With Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder in an Online Sample","volume":"17","author":"Turban","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00007","article-title":"Sexual addiction, compulsivity, and impulsivity among a predominantly female sample of adults who use the internet for sex","volume":"9","author":"Levi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.101","article-title":"The contribution of personality factors and gender to ratings of sex addiction among men and women who use the Internet for sex purpose","volume":"7","author":"Shimoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.4.2015.044","article-title":"Risk for exercise dependence, eating disorder pathology, alcohol use disorder and addictive behaviors among clients of fitness centers","volume":"4","author":"Loeber","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106384","article-title":"Psychiatric comorbidity in compulsive sexual behavior disorder (CSBD)","volume":"107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.01.007","article-title":"High-Frequency Pornography Use May Not Always Be Problematic","volume":"17","author":"Potenza","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-018-1201-z","article-title":"Hypersexuality, Gender, and Sexual Orientation: A Large-Scale Psychometric Survey Study","volume":"47","author":"Bartok","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.8.2019.23","article-title":"Compulsive sexual behavior disorder in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Prevalence and associated comorbidity","volume":"8","author":"Fuss","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2017.19.4\/dschoettle","article-title":"Sexuality in autism: Hypersexual and paraphilic behavior in women and men with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder","volume":"19","author":"Briken","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2017-0020","article-title":"Early childhood maltreatment experience and later sexual behavior in Brazilian adults undergoing treatment for substance dependence","volume":"41","author":"Diehl","year":"2019","journal-title":"Braz. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9282.63.05.414","article-title":"Sexual addiction in drug addicts: The impact of drug of choice and poly-addiction","volume":"63","author":"Antonio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3182718d67","article-title":"Facets of perfectionism in a sample of hypersexual patients","volume":"200","author":"Reid","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nerv. Ment. Dis."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.10.013","article-title":"Sexual sensation seeking, sexual compulsivity, and gender identity and its relationship with sexual functioning in a population sample of men and women","volume":"14","author":"Burri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-016-0727-1","article-title":"Sexual Arousal and Sexual Activity Frequency: Implications for Understanding Hypersexuality","volume":"45","author":"Walton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.66","article-title":"Online dating is associated with sex addiction and social anxiety","volume":"7","author":"Zlot","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.07.008","article-title":"Gender-Related Differences in Associations Between Sexual Abuse and Hypersexuality","volume":"17","author":"Slavin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/jmft.12154","article-title":"Adult sexual outcomes of child sexual abuse vary according to relationship status","volume":"42","author":"Godbout","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Marital Fam. Ther."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3109\/14659891.2015.1029021","article-title":"A preliminary investigation of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and compulsive sexual behaviors in a substance-dependent population","volume":"21","author":"Elmquist","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Subst. Use"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0399-7","article-title":"The Relationship Between Hypersexual Behavior, Sexual Excitation, Sexual Inhibition, and Personality Traits","volume":"45","author":"Rettenberger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"166","article-title":"Revisiting the role of impulsivity and compulsivity in problematic sexual behaviors","volume":"56","author":"Potenza","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.11.259","article-title":"Evaluating Pornography Problems Due to Moral Incongruence Model","volume":"17","author":"Lewczuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.11.100","article-title":"Hypersexuality and Trauma: A mediation and moderation model from psychopathology to problematic sexual behavior","volume":"281","author":"Fontanesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2016.1269144","article-title":"Persistent complications of child sexual abuse: Sexually compulsive behaviors, attachment, and emotions","volume":"26","author":"Meyer","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Child Sex. Abus."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/10720162.2016.1189862","article-title":"Sexually compulsive behaviors: Implications for attachment, early life stressors, and religiosity","volume":"23","author":"Timberlake","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex. Addict. Compulsivity"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.10.024","article-title":"Avoidant and compulsive sexual behaviors in male and female survivors of childhood sexual abuse","volume":"40","author":"Godbout","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Abus. Negl."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2015.1061633","article-title":"Extradyadic sexual involvement and sexual compulsivity in male and female sexual abuse survivors","volume":"53","author":"Dugal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sex Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1080\/0092623X.2018.1452088","article-title":"Adolescent compulsive sexual behavior: Is it a unique psychological phenomenon?","volume":"44","author":"Efrati","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Sex Marital Ther."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.100","article-title":"Understanding and predicting profiles of compulsive sexual behavior among adolescents","volume":"7","author":"Efrati","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.4.2015.1.6","article-title":"Sexual compulsion\u2014Relationship with sex, attachment and sexual orientation","volume":"4","author":"Weinstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Behav. Addict."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.106874","article-title":"Adolescents who solely engage in online sexual experiences are at higher risk for compulsive sexual behavior","volume":"118","author":"Efrati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.01.312","article-title":"Investigating the Associations Of Adult ADHD Symptoms, Hypersexuality, and Problematic Pornography Use Among Men and Women on a Largescale, Non-Clinical Sample","volume":"16","author":"Koos","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sex. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pra.0000416016.37968.eb","article-title":"Exploring facets of personality in a patient sample of hypersexual women compared with hypersexual men","volume":"18","author":"Reid","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1037\/abn0000501","article-title":"Moral incongruence and compulsive sexual behavior: Results from cross-sectional interactions and parallel growth curve analyses","volume":"129","author":"Grubbs","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Abnorm. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.1.29","article-title":"Gender differences in sexuality: A meta-analysis","volume":"114","author":"Oliver","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-017-0991-8","article-title":"Hypersexuality: A Critical Review and Introduction to the \u201cSexhavior Cycle\u201d","volume":"46","author":"Walton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1080\/00224490701808076","article-title":"Women\u2019s Scores on the Sexual Inhibition\/Sexual Excitation Scales (SIS\/SES): Gender Similarities and Differences","volume":"45","author":"Carpenter","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Sex Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2018.1494262","article-title":"The Psychometric Properties of the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory Using a Large-Scale Nonclinical Sample","volume":"56","author":"Reid","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Sex Res."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"287","article-title":"Maltreatment in childhood and adolescence: Results from a survey of a representative sample of the German population","volume":"108","author":"Schmutzer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl. Int."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-020-00298-9","article-title":"Child Sexual Abuse and Compulsive Sexual Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review","volume":"7","author":"Slavin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Addict. Rep."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-018-1248-x","article-title":"Pornography Problems Due to Moral Incongruence: An Integrative Model with a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"48","author":"Grubbs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"key":"ref_74","first-page":"197","article-title":"The dual-control model: The role of sexual inhibition and excitation in sexual arousal and behavior","volume":"15","author":"Janssen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychophysiol. Sex"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-019-01076-z","article-title":"Accuracy of diagnostic classification and clinical utility assessment of ICD-11 compared to ICD-10 in 10 mental disorders: Findings from a web-based field study","volume":"270","author":"Gaebel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2014.30.46","article-title":"The sexual double standard and gender differences in attitudes toward casual sex among US university students","volume":"30","author":"England","year":"2014","journal-title":"Demogr. Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/10720162.2014.931266","article-title":"Differentiating the female sex addict: A literature review focused on themes of gender difference used to inform recommendations for treating women with sex addiction","volume":"21","author":"McKeague","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex. Addict. Compulsivity"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/15\/3205\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:32:46Z","timestamp":1760164366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/15\/3205"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm10153205"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10153205","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,21]]}}}