{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:57:02Z","timestamp":1792601822224,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TBM-T000416N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TBM-T000416N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early and accurate detection of keratoconus progression is particularly important for the prudent, cost-effective use of corneal cross-linking and judicious timing of clinical follow-up visits. The aim of this study was to verify whether a progression could be predicted based on two prior tomography measurements and to verify the accuracy of the system when labelling the eye as stable or suspect progressive. Data from 743 patients measured by Pentacam (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) were available, and they were filtered and preprocessed to data quality needs. The time delay neural network received six features as input, measured in two consecutive examinations, predicted the future values, and determined the classification (stable or suspect progressive) based on the significance of the change from the baseline. The system showed a sensitivity of 70.8% and a specificity of 80.6%. On average, the positive and negative predictive values were 71.4% and 80.2%. Including data of less quality (as defined by the software) did not significantly worsen the results. This predictive system constitutes another step towards a personalized management of keratoconus. While the results obtained were modest and perhaps insufficient to decide on a surgical procedure, such as cross-linking, they may be useful to customize the timing for the patient\u2019s next follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T22:35:31Z","timestamp":1626993331000},"page":"3238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Forecasting Progressive Trends in Keratoconus by Means of a Time Delay Neural Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2839-9696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikram","family":"Issarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Kreps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1115-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorcha","family":"N\u00ed Dhubhghaill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7728-7260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina","family":"Koppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Varssano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"Rozema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of The REDCAKE Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(97)00119-7","article-title":"Keratoconus","volume":"42","author":"Rabinowitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surv. 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