{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T19:30:03Z","timestamp":1788377403278,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR300558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR300558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Despite early identification and advancements in cochlear implant and hearing aid technology, delays in language skills in deaf children continue to exist. Good-quality parent\u2013child interaction (PCI) is a key predictor for the successful development of deaf children\u2019s signed and\/or spoken language. Though professionals have standard assessments to monitor child language, a clinical tool to observe the quality of parental interaction is yet to be developed. Aims and methods: This systematic review with narrative synthesis aims to uncover which parent behaviours are assessed in PCI studies with deaf infants aged 0\u20133 years, how these behaviours are assessed, and which are correlated with higher scores in child language. Results: Sixty-one papers were included, spanning 40 years of research. Research included in the review assessed parents\u2019 skills in gaining attention, joint engagement, emotional sensitivity, and language input. PCI was mostly assessed using coding systems and frame-by-frame video analysis. Some of the parent behaviours mentioned previously are associated with more words produced by deaf children. Conclusion: The results of the review provide the evidence base required to develop the content of a future clinical assessment tool for parent\u2013child interaction in deafness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T02:18:24Z","timestamp":1627525104000},"page":"3345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Assessing Parent Behaviours in Parent\u2013Child Interactions with Deaf and Hard of Hearing Infants Aged 0\u20133 Years: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9037-1355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Curtin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech and Language Therapy (Paediatrics, Community), Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London E9 6SR, UK"},{"name":"Language and Communication Science Division, University of London, London EC1 0HB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4391-4462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelien","family":"Dirks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dutch Foundation for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing Child, 1073 GX Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"Cruice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Language and Communication Science Division, University of London, London EC1 0HB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalind","family":"Herman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Language and Communication Science Division, University of London, London EC1 0HB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 2ES, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Rodgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sussex Community NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton BN2 3EW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Language and Communication Science Division, University of London, London EC1 0HB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Hart, B., and Risley, T.R. 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