{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:43:00Z","timestamp":1762868580189,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: We aimed to describe the change in the incidence and causes of hospitalization between 2008 and 2018 among persons living with HIV (PLWHIV) who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) from 2008 onwards in Italy. Methods: We included participants in the ICONA (Italian Cohort Na\u00efve Antiretrovirals) cohort who started ART in 2008. All the hospitalizations occurring during the first 30 days from the start of ART were excluded. Hospitalizations were classified as due to: AIDS-defining conditions (ADC), non-ADC infections and non-infections\/non-ADC (i.e., cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal-genitourinary, cancers, gastrointestinal-liver, psychiatric and other diseases). Comparisons of rates across time were assessed using Poisson regression. The Poisson multivariable model evaluated risk factors for hospitalizations, including both demographic and clinical characteristics. Results: A total of 9524 PLWHIV were included; 6.8% were drug users, 48.9% men-who-have sex with men (MSM), 39.6% heterosexual contacts; 80.8% were males, 42.3% smokers, 16.6% coinfected with HCV and 6.8% with HBV (HBsAg-positive). During 36,157 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), there were 1058 hospitalizations in 747 (7.8%) persons; they had HIV-RNA &gt;50 copies mL in 34.9% and CD4 &lt; 200\/mmc in 27%. Causes of hospitalization were 23% ADC, 22% non-ADC infections, 55% non-infections\/non-ADC (11% cancers; 9% gastrointestinal-liver; 6% cardiovascular; 5% renal-genitourinary; 5% psychiatric; 4% pulmonary; 15% other). Over the study period, the incidence rate (IR) decreased significantly (from 5.8 per 100 PYFU in 2008\u20132011 to 2.21 per 100 PYFU in 2016\u20132018). Age &gt; 50 years, intravenous drug use (IDU), family history of cardiovascular disease, HIV-RNA &gt; 50, CD4 &lt; 200, were associated with a higher hospitalization risk. Conclusions: In our population of PLWHIV, the rate of hospitalization decreased over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10153391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T12:59:24Z","timestamp":1627649964000},"page":"3391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Decrease in Incidence Rate of Hospitalizations Due to AIDS-Defining Conditions but Not to Non-AIDS Conditions in PLWHIV on cART in 2008\u20132018 in Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Nozza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Timelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, 00077 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Saracino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Gianotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20127 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Lazzaretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cilinic of Infectious Diseases, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Tavelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICONA Foundation, 20126 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Puoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20126 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Lo Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseaes Department, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Antinori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, 00077 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0073-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Monforte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Clinic of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20126 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Mussini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cilinic of Infectious Diseases, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8182-5896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Girardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, 00077 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"on behalf of ICONA Foundation Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803263381301","article-title":"Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV outpatient study investigators","volume":"338","author":"Palella","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix343","article-title":"Hospitalization Rates among People With HIV\/AIDS in New York City, 2013","volume":"65","author":"Lazar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. 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