{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:30:01Z","timestamp":1789669801930,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIS PI18\/01584 (to V.Ll.-C) and FIS PI19\/00421 (to S.B.) A.B.A. is a predoctoral fellow (FI19\/00205) granted by the Programme _Contratos predoctorales de formaci\u00f3n de investigaci\u00f3n en salud_and J.J is a post-doctoral Miguel Servet Type 2 fellow (CPII18\/00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIS PI18\/01584 (to V.Ll.-C) and FIS PI19\/00421 (to S.B.) A.B.A. is a predoctoral fellow (FI19\/00205) granted by the Programme _Contratos predoctorales de formaci\u00f3n de investigaci\u00f3n en salud_and J.J is a post-doctoral Miguel Servet Type 2 fellow (CPII18\/00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008666","name":"Fundaci\u00f3 la Marat\u00f3 de TV3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201521-10 (to V.Ll.-C)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201521-10 (to V.Ll.-C)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008666","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007406","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n BBVA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Translational Molecular Imaging for Detection of Cholesterol Entrapment in the Vasculature with 68Ga-labeled LRP1-derived Peptides"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Translational Molecular Imaging for Detection of Cholesterol Entrapment in the Vasculature with 68Ga-labeled LRP1-derived Peptides"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RED2018-102799-T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RED2018-102799-T"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012513","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB16\/11\/00276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB16\/11\/00276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012513","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013941","name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB07\/08\/0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB07\/08\/0016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013941","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Apolipoprotein (Apo)-based mimetic peptides have been shown to reduce atherosclerosis. Most of the ApoC-II and ApoE mimetics exert anti-atherosclerotic effects by improving lipid profile. ApoC-II mimetics reverse hypertriglyceridemia and ApoE-based peptides such as Ac-hE18A-NH2 reduce cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels in humans. Conversely, other classes of ApoE and ApoA-I mimetic peptides and, more recently, ApoJ and LRP1-based peptides, exhibit several anti-atherosclerotic actions in experimental models without influencing lipoprotein profile. These other mimetic peptides display at least one atheroprotective mechanism such as providing LDL stability against mechanical modification or conferring protection against the action of lipolytic enzymes inducing LDL aggregation in the arterial intima. Other anti-atherosclerotic effects exerted by these peptides also include protection against foam cell formation and inflammation, and induction of reverse cholesterol transport. Although the underlying mechanisms of action are still poorly described, the recent findings suggest that these mimetics could confer atheroprotection by favorably influencing lipoprotein function rather than lipoprotein levels. Despite the promising results obtained with peptide mimetics, the assessment of their stability, atheroprotective efficacy and tissue targeted delivery are issues currently under progress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]],"date-time":"2021-08-15T21:43:55Z","timestamp":1629063835000},"page":"3571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Apolipoprotein and LRP1-Based Peptides as New Therapeutic Tools in Atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Aleyda","family":"Benitez Amaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angels","family":"Solanelles Curco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6531-2246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Julve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Basis of Cardiovascular Risk Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Rives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vall\u00e8s, 08016 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Benitez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Biochemistry Group, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicenta","family":"Llorente Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10146","article-title":"Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis","volume":"473","author":"Libby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000330","article-title":"The central role of arterial retention of cholesterol-rich apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: A triumph of simplicity","volume":"27","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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