{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T01:54:35Z","timestamp":1792374875338,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Hepatic hydrothorax (HH) is an understudied complication of decompensated cirrhosis. We aimed to evaluate the long-term prognosis of patients with HH by comparing them with a matched non-HH group. Methods: This retrospective study included 763 consecutive patients hospitalized for decompensated cirrhosis and ascites. Ninety-seven patients with HH were matched for survival analysis with non-HH patients based on liver disease severity. Results: The prevalence of HH was 13.1%. Patients with HH had significantly worse overall liver function. Upon matching, patients with HH had a lower long-term survival (15.4% vs. 30.9% at 5 years) with a mean overall survival of 22.2 \u00b1 2.2 months for the HH group vs. 27.1 \u00b1 2.6 months for the non-HH group (Log Rank\u20130.05). On multivariate survival analysis using Cox regression, the MELD-Na score, ALBI grade, hepato-renal syndrome, and grade III ascites had a significant impact on mortality in patients with HH. In patients with HH, a MELD-Na score \u2265 16, ALBI grade III, hepato-renal syndrome, or severe ascites delineated high-mortality risk groups. Conclusions: HH is consistently associated with more advanced liver disease. Patients with HH have worse long-term survival, their prognosis being closely intertwined with overlapping decompensating events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T08:44:45Z","timestamp":1629449085000},"page":"3688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Hepatic Hydrothorax\u2014An Independent Decompensating Event Associated with Long-Term Mortality in Patients with Cirrhosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3362-4368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Matei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5872-8630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rares","family":"Craciun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Crisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Cluj-Napoca Municipal Hospital, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Procopet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7785-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tudor","family":"Mocan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergiu","family":"Pasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxana","family":"Zaharie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Popovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, \u201cLeon Daniello\u201d Pulmonology Hospital, 400371 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeno","family":"Sparchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"},{"name":"Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31434","article-title":"Multidisciplinary Management of Hepatic Hydrothorax in 2020: An Evidence-Based Review and Guidance","volume":"72","author":"Banini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-019-00231-6","article-title":"Hepatic Hydrothorax: An Updated Review on a Challenging Disease","volume":"197","author":"Chaaban","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0010.7533","article-title":"Hepatic hydrothorax","volume":"17","author":"Lv","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. 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