{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T12:16:14Z","timestamp":1767183374224,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Think Surgical","award":["N.A."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N.A."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: This study aimed to assess the bone cuts accuracy of a system for total knee arthroplasty including an active robotic arm. A second objective was to compare the accuracy among orthopaedic surgeons of different levels of experience. Methods: Three orthopaedic surgeons cut 10 sawbone knees each. Planned and actual bone cuts were compared using computed tomography. Difference with respect to the planning was expressed as three position and three orientation errors following the anatomical planes. Statistical tests were performed to detect bias and compare surgeons. Results: None of the 30 knees presented an outlier error, meaning an error \u22653 mm or \u22653\u00b0. The root-mean-square values of the 12 error types were below 0.8 mm or 0.8\u00b0, except for the femoral proximal\u2013distal errors (1.7 mm) and the tibial anterior-posterior errors (1.4 mm). Biases were observed, particularly in femoral proximal\u2013distal and tibial anterior\u2013posterior positions. Median differences between surgeons were all lower than 0.8 mm and 0.5\u00b0, with statistically significant differences among surgeons in the femoral proximal\u2013distal errors and the tibial anterior\u2013posterior errors. Conclusions: The system tested in this study achieved accurate bone cuts independently of the surgeon\u2019s level of experience. Biases were observed, suggesting that there might be options to improve the accuracy, particularly in proximal\u2013distal position for the femur and in anterior\u2013posterior position for the tibia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T21:47:52Z","timestamp":1629668872000},"page":"3714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bone Cuts Accuracy of a System for Total Knee Arthroplasty including an Active Robotic Arm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3997-1616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Killian","family":"Cosendey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss BioMotion Lab, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Stanovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss BioMotion Lab, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8014-9478","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaad","family":"Mahlouly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss BioMotion Lab, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3251-3666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Omoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3513-7608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigitte M.","family":"Jolles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss BioMotion Lab, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Favre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss BioMotion Lab, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV-UNIL), CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.07.022","article-title":"Projected increase in total knee arthroplasty in the United States\u2014An alternative projection model","volume":"25","author":"Inacio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. 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