{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:20Z","timestamp":1787028620178,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aortic stenosis is the most common heart valve disease necessitating surgical or percutaneous intervention. Imaging has a central role for the initial diagnostic work-up, the follow-up and the selection of the optimal timing and type of intervention. Referral for aortic valve replacement is currently driven by the severity and by the presence of aortic stenosis-related symptoms or signs of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. This review aims to provide an update of the imaging techniques and seeks to highlight a practical approach to help clinical decision making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10163745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T10:24:17Z","timestamp":1629714257000},"page":"3745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Valve Stenosis: The Role of Non-Invasive Imaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6371-6327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Santangelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Paolo Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6244-3515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Toriello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2019 Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi Paolo","family":"Badano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Cardiac, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Messika Zeitoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-6908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pompilio","family":"Faggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Poliambulanza, Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Via Leonida Bissolati, 57, 25100 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.08.1620","article-title":"Small valve area with low-gradient aortic stenosis: Beware the hard hearted","volume":"62","author":"Dweck","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.02.009","article-title":"Recommendations on the Echocardiographic Assessment of Aortic Valve Stenosis: A Focused Update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography","volume":"30","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.668681","article-title":"Paradoxical Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Severe Aortic Stenosis Despite Preserved Ejection Fraction Is Associated with Higher Afterload and Reduced Survival","volume":"115","author":"Hachicha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm543","article-title":"Inconsistencies of echocardiographic criteria for the grading of aortic valve stenosis","volume":"29","author":"Minners","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.08.1621","article-title":"The complex nature of discordant severe calcified aortic valve disease grading: New insights from combined Doppler echocardiographic and computed tomographic study","volume":"62","author":"Clavel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx391","article-title":"2017 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease","volume":"38","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"e35","article-title":"2020 ACC\/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Otto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-019-01539-2","article-title":"Expert consensus document on the assessment of the severity of aortic valve stenosis by echocardiography to provide diagnostic conclusiveness by standardized verifiable documentation","volume":"109","author":"Hagendorff","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, T.-Q., Hansen, K.L., Bechsgaard, T., L\u00f6nn, L., Jensen, J.A., and Nielsen, M.B. (2018). Non-Invasive Assessment of Intravascular Pressure Gradients: A Review of Current and Proposed Novel Methods. Diagnostics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics9010005"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-008-0017-1","article-title":"New approaches to quantifying aortic stenosis severity","volume":"10","author":"Dumesnil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00066-2","article-title":"\u201cOverestimation\u201d of catheter gradients by doppler ultrasound in patients with aortic stenosis: A predictable manifestation of pressure recovery","volume":"33","author":"Baumgartner","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.11.028","article-title":"Usefulness of the Right Parasternal Echocardiographic View to Improve the Hemodynamic Assessment After Valve Replacement for Aortic Stenosis","volume":"142","author":"Benfari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e135","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012345","article-title":"Response to letter regarding article, \u201caccurate assessment of aortic stenosis: A review of diagnostic modalities and hemodynamics\u201d","volume":"130","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2015.09.006","article-title":"Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Geometry and Dynamics in Aortic Stenosis: Implications for the Echocardiographic Assessment of Aortic Valve Area","volume":"28","author":"Pibarot","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2009.02.007","article-title":"Size-Adjusted Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Diameter Reference Values: A Safeguard for the Evaluation of the Severity of Aortic Stenosis","volume":"22","author":"Leye","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vulesevic, B., Kubota, N., Burwash, I.G., Cimadevilla, C., Tubiana, S., Duval, X., Nguyen, V., Arangalage, D., Chan, K.L., and E Mulvihill, E. (2020). Size-adjusted aortic valve area: Refining the definition of severe aortic stenosis. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging.","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa295"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.4250\/jcvi.2019.27.e48","article-title":"Multimodality Imaging for the Assessment of Severe Aortic Stenosis","volume":"27","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2014.12.014","article-title":"Recommendations for comprehensive intraprocedural echocardiographic imaging during TAVI","volume":"8","author":"Hahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jew190","article-title":"The clinical use of stress echocardiography in non-ischaemic heart disease: Recommendations from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography","volume":"17","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e3283632b41","article-title":"The role of stress testing in evaluation of asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis","volume":"28","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007880","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.007880","article-title":"Outcomes in Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis with Preserved Ejection Fraction Undergoing Rest and Treadmill Stress Echocardiography","volume":"7","author":"Huded","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"312","article-title":"Exercise echocardiography in aortic stenosis with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"23","author":"Postolache","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anatol. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq076","article-title":"Usefulness of exercise-stress echocardiography for risk stratification of true asymptomatic patients with aortic valve stenosis","volume":"31","author":"Hachicha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1093\/ejechocard\/jeq014","article-title":"Impact of global left ventricular afterload on left ventricular function in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: A two-dimensional speckle-tracking study","volume":"11","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2009.190942","article-title":"Risk stratification in asymptomatic moderate to severe aortic stenosis: The importance of the valvular, arterial and ventricular interplay","volume":"96","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.06.070","article-title":"Prognostic Significance of Valvuloarterial Impedance and Left Ventricular Longitudinal Function in Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis Involving Three-Cuspid Valves","volume":"108","author":"Zito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa768","article-title":"Multimodality imaging in valvular heart disease: How to use state-of-the-art technology in daily practice","volume":"42","author":"Reid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jev230","article-title":"Prognostic value of left atrial reservoir function in patients with severe aortic stenosis: A 2D speckle-tracking echocardiographic study","volume":"17","author":"Galli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx381","article-title":"Staging classification of aortic stenosis based on the extent of cardiac damage","volume":"38","author":"Pibarot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.04.065","article-title":"Staging Cardiac Damage in Patients with Asymptomatic Aortic Valve Stenosis","volume":"74","author":"Tastet","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008353","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.118.008353","article-title":"Myocardial Fibrosis in Classical Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis","volume":"12","author":"Rosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.11.004","article-title":"Impact of Pre-Intervention Transaortic Flow Rate Versus Stroke Volume Index on Mortality Across the Hemodynamic Spectrum of Severe Aortic Stenosis: Implications for a New Hemodynamic Classification of Aortic Stenosis","volume":"12","author":"Vamvakidou","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw096","article-title":"Low-gradient aortic stenosis","volume":"37","author":"Clavel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"61","article-title":"194 Clinical outcome in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis. Insights from the new proposed aortic stenosis grading classification","volume":"4","author":"Magne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006276","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006276","article-title":"Impact of Vascular Hemodynamics on Aortic Stenosis Evaluation: New Insights into the Pathophysiology of Normal Flow\u2014Small Aortic Valve Area\u2014Low Gradient Pattern","volume":"6","author":"Simard","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.557678","article-title":"Projected Valve Area at Normal Flow Rate Improves the Assessment of Stenosis Severity in Patients with Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis","volume":"113","author":"Blais","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2010.02.002","article-title":"Validation of Conventional and Simplified Methods to Calculate Projected Valve Area at Normal Flow Rate in Patients with Low Flow, Low Gradient Aortic Stenosis: The Multicenter TOPAS (True or Pseudo Severe Aortic Stenosis) Study","volume":"23","author":"Clavel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.052","article-title":"Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography for Management of Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Aortic Stenosis","volume":"71","author":"Annabi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309306","article-title":"Sex-Related Discordance Between Aortic Valve Calcification and Hemodynamic Severity of Aortic Stenosis: Is Valvular Fibrosis the Explanation?","volume":"120","author":"Simard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.05.066","article-title":"Impact of aortic valve calcification, as measured by MDCT, on survival in patients with aortic stenosis: Results of an international registry study","volume":"64","author":"Clavel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e007146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.117.007146","article-title":"Computed Tomography Aortic Valve Calcium Scoring in Patients with Aortic Stenosis","volume":"11","author":"Pawade","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2016-309665","article-title":"Effect of age and aortic valve anatomy on calcification and haemodynamic severity of aortic stenosis","volume":"103","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-020-00633-z","article-title":"Evaluation of aortic stenosis using cardiovascular magnetic resonance: A systematic review & meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Woldendorp","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e3181f79ca2","article-title":"Hemodynamic assessment of severe aortic stenosis: MRI evaluation of dynamic changes of vena contracta","volume":"46","author":"Weininger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Investig. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.12.074","article-title":"Prognostic Significance of Myocardial Fibrosis Quantification by Histopathology and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with Severe Aortic Valve Disease","volume":"56","author":"Azevedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.11.005","article-title":"Distribution and Prognostic Significance of Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in Asymptomatic Significant Aortic Stenosis: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Magne","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.02.612","article-title":"Prognostic Significance of LGE by CMR in Aortic Stenosis Patients Undergoing Valve Replacement","volume":"64","author":"Ravenstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.930636","article-title":"Equilibrium contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the measurement of diffuse myocardial fibrosis: Preliminary validation in humans","volume":"122","author":"Flett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe1914382","article-title":"Timing of Intervention in Aortic Stenosis","volume":"382","author":"Lancellotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010356","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.010356","article-title":"Usefulness of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Aortic Stenosis","volume":"13","author":"Bohbot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12968-017-0392-0","article-title":"Assessment of reverse remodeling predicted by myocardial deformation on tissue tracking in patients with severe aortic stenosis: A cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"19","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht034","article-title":"Aortic stenosis, atherosclerosis, and skeletal bone: Is there a common link with calcification and inflammation?","volume":"34","author":"Dweck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.051052","article-title":"Assessment of Valvular Calcification and Inflammation by Positron Emission Tomography in Patients with Aortic Stenosis","volume":"125","author":"Dweck","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.113.001508","article-title":"18F-Sodium Fluoride Uptake Is a Marker of Active Calcification and Disease Progression in Patients with Aortic Stenosis","volume":"7","author":"Dweck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.01.036","article-title":"Management of Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis: Evolving Concepts in Timing of Valve Replacement","volume":"13","author":"Lindman","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.282043","article-title":"Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in the United States","volume":"310","author":"Mack","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2057","article-title":"Aortic stenosis, transcatheter aortic valve replacement and transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: Are we progressively unraveling the tangle?","volume":"23","author":"Rapezzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.006","article-title":"Prevalence and Outcomes of Concomitant Aortic Stenosis and Cardiac Amyloidosis","volume":"77","author":"Nitsche","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccas.2020.10.011","article-title":"PPaCM. Aortic Stenosis and Cardiac Amyloidosis","volume":"2","author":"Ternacle","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s12350-021-02630-w","article-title":"Imagine, believe, and achieve","volume":"28","author":"Peix","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"e000030","article-title":"ASNC\/AHA\/ASE\/EANM\/HFSA\/ISA\/SCMR\/SNMMI Expert Consensus Recommendations for Multimodality Imaging in Cardiac Amyloidosis: Part 2 of 2\u2014Diagnostic Criteria and Appropriate Utilization","volume":"14","author":"Dorbala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa170","article-title":"Prevalence and outcome of dual aortic stenosis and cardiac amyloid pathology in patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve implantation","volume":"41","author":"Scully","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/16\/3745\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:49:49Z","timestamp":1760165389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/16\/3745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm10163745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10163745","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]}}}