{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T13:29:09Z","timestamp":1780579749500,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is characterized by an aggressive behavior and an inevitably fatal prognosis, whose treatment is still far from being standardized. The role of surgery is questionable since a radical resection is unattainable in most cases. Hyperthermic IntraTHOracic Chemotherapy (HITHOC) combines the advantages of antitumoral effects together with those of high temperature on the exposed tissues with the aim to improve surgical radicality. Material and Methods: this is a narrative review on the role of HITHOC in the management of MPM patients. To provide data on the beginnings and the historical evolution of this technique, we searched the available literature by selecting the more exhaustive papers on this topic. Results: from 1994 to date different authors experimented HITHOC following a cytoreductive surgery in MPM, obtaining in most cases a good local control and a better overall survival associated to very low complication rate. Conclusions: HITHOC may be considered as a safe, feasible and effective procedure although there is a high heterogeneity between different protocols adopted worldwide. More structured studies are needed to reach a unanimous consensus on this technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:19:26Z","timestamp":1629937166000},"page":"3801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Hyperthermic Intrathoracic Chemotherapy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: The Forefront of Surgery-Based Multimodality Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Aprile","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Critical Area and Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Lenzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Critical Area and Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Lococo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Surgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5706-0974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Bacchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Critical Area and Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Korasidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Critical Area and Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Mastromarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Critical Area and Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Guglielmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Occupational Health Department, U.O. Medicina Preventiva del Lavoro, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Palmiero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Unit, Versilia Hospital, 55049 Camaiore, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcello Carlo","family":"Ambrogi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Critical Area and Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Lucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Critical Area and Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60412-7","article-title":"Ecological association between asbestos-related diseases and historical asbestos consumption: An international analysis","volume":"369","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.11.086678","article-title":"Global mesothelioma deaths reported to the World Health Organization between 1994 and 2008","volume":"89","author":"Delgermaa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. 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