{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T05:57:45Z","timestamp":1785391065207,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pathophysiological changes after acute hospitalizations may influence physical functioning in older adults, which can lead to disability and loss of independence. This study evaluated the association between pneumonia, fracture, heart attack, stroke, and other hospitalizations with major mobility disability (MMD) and gait speed. This was a secondary analysis of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) Study, which was conducted across eight sites during 2010\u20132013 with longitudinal follow-up for 1635 individuals over an average of 2.6 years. Participants included adults \u226570 years old with pre-existing mobility limitations randomized to a physical activity intervention or a health education control arm. Hospitalizations were recorded via self-report and adjudicated by medical reviewers. MMD was measured by the inability to complete a 400 m walk test, or other proxies, as a binary outcome. Gait speed was recorded during the walk test in meters per second (m\/s) and measured on a linear scale. Mixed-effects repeated measures regression adjusted for baseline demographics, comorbid conditions, and frailty. Among the 1635 participants, there were 1458 hospitalizations, which included 80 (5.5% of all hospitalizations) cases of pneumonia, 92 (6.3%) hospitalized fractures, 87 (6.0%) heart attacks, and 61 (4.2%) strokes. In the short-term measurement period immediately following hospitalization (1 day to 6 months), stroke (OR = 3.98 (3.41\u20134.54)) had the strongest association with MMD followed by fracture (OR = 3.03 (2.54\u20133.52)), pneumonia (OR = 2.76 (2.23\u20133.30)), and heart attack (OR = 2.03 (1.52\u20132.53)). Associations with long-term (6\u201312 months after) MMD were decreased or not significant for all causes. Pneumonia, fracture, stroke, and other hospitalizations were associated with short-term relative gait speed changes between \u22124.8% up to \u221219.5%, and only fracture was associated with long-term changes. Hospitalizations for pneumonia, heart attack, stroke, and fractures were associated with short-term decreases in mobility in older adults. Older adults may be at risk for decreased mobility and disability following acute hospitalizations, with the magnitude determined by the cause of the precipitating event.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:19:26Z","timestamp":1629937166000},"page":"3802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association between Pneumonia, Fracture, Stroke, Heart Attack and Other Hospitalizations with Changes in Mobility Disability and Gait Speed in Older Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2973-1021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rx-Epitome, LLC, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patient and Health Impact, Pfizer Inc., Collegeville, PA 19426, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu067","article-title":"Disentangling the disabling process: Insights from the precipitating events project","volume":"54","author":"Gill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e206021","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.6021","article-title":"Risk factors and precipitants of severe disability among community-living older persons","volume":"3","author":"Gill","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. 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