{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T04:48:47Z","timestamp":1787806127601,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010805","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det i Syd\u00f6stra Sverige","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FORSS-860681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FORSS-860681"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010805","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"Reumatikerf\u00f6rbundet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R-844801"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-844801"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016670","name":"Region \u00d6sterg\u00f6tland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LIO-940181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LIO-940181"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016670","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Stiftelsen Ulla och Roland Gustafssons Donationsfond","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007857","name":"Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-\u00e5rsfond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAI-2018-0504"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI-2018-0504"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006129","name":"Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abnormal liver function tests are frequently observed during follow-up of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but data on co-existence with autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) are scarce. This retrospective study aimed to describe the prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) among well-characterized subjects with SLE. We also evaluated whether the presence of autoantibodies to complement protein 1q (C1q) and\/or ribosomal P protein (anti-ribP) are, directly or inversely, associated with AIH, as proposed in some reports. The number of screened patients was 287 (86% females), and all cases were included in a regional Swedish cohort. Each subject of the study population met the 1982 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria and\/or the Fries\u2019 diagnostic principle. By applying the simplified diagnostic AIH criteria combined with persistent transaminasemia, 40 (13.9%) cases reached at least \u201cprobable AIH\u201d. However, merely 8 of these had been diagnosed with AIH (overall AIH prevalence 2.8%). Neither anti-C1q nor anti-ribP associated significantly with AIH. By applying the recent PBC guidelines, 6 (2.1%) cases were found, but only 3 of them had actually been diagnosed with PBC and one additional subject was not identified by the guidelines (overall PBC prevalence 1.4%). Compared to prevalence data from the general Swedish population, both AIH and PBC were highly overrepresented in our study population. The sensitivity of the diagnostic AIH criteria was impeccable but the specificity was less impressive, mainly due to positive ANA and hypergammaglobulinemia. Based on our findings, among subjects with SLE, the AIH criteria are less useful and liver biopsy combined with detection of other AILD-associated autoantibodies should be performed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]],"date-time":"2021-08-26T00:19:26Z","timestamp":1629937166000},"page":"3820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Usefulness of Clinical and Laboratory Criteria for Diagnosing Autoimmune Liver Disease among Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Heijke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Internal Medicine, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County, SE-553 05 J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awais","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection\/Clinical Immunology, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Frodlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection\/Rheumatology, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Wirestam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection\/Rheumatology, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3955-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6rjan","family":"Dahlstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Dahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection\/Clinical Immunology, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7614-739X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stergios","family":"Kechagias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Division of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine\/Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0900-2048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Sj\u00f6wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection\/Rheumatology, Link\u00f6ping University, SE-581 85 Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34473","article-title":"Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"64","author":"Petri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40930","article-title":"2019 European League Against Rheumatism\/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"71","author":"Aringer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh624","article-title":"BILAG 2004. 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