{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:18:42Z","timestamp":1760235522483,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tri-Service General Hospital","award":["TSGH-C107-090, TSGH-C108-122, TSGH-E-109231, and TSGH-D-109190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-C107-090, TSGH-C108-122, TSGH-E-109231, and TSGH-D-109190"]}]},{"name":"Tri-Service General Hospital, Songshan Branch","award":["TSGH-SS-D-109020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSGH-SS-D-109020"]}]},{"name":"Joint Clinical Research grant of the TSGH and Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital","award":["TCAFGH-E-10947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCAFGH-E-10947"]}]},{"name":"Joint Clinical Research grant of the TSGH and Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital","award":["KAFGH, no. 108-42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAFGH, no. 108-42"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of National Defense Medical Affairs Bureau","award":["MND-MAB-110-102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-MAB-110-102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to characterize the changes in the visual field (VF) patterns and disc morphology of patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG). A retrospective review of the medical records at the Tri-Service General Hospital in Taiwan identified 396 eyes of 198 patients with thyroid-associated glaucoma. A final follow-up of VF examination in 140 eyes revealed 114 eyes with VF defects, indicating disease progression. The characteristics of and changes in disc morphology, optical coherence tomography findings, and VF defects were statistically analyzed. The most common VF defects at the initial diagnosis and the end of the follow-up period were inferior partial arcuate (17%) and paracentral (15%) defects, respectively. The most common VF defect in patients with unspecific disc signs was an unspecific scotoma (13%). The most common optic disc feature was disc cupping (51%), followed by parapapillary atrophy (48%). The most frequent location of nerve fiber layer thinning was the inferotemporal region (48%). VF defects showed a significantly more pronounced progression in the non-nerve fiber bundle group than in the nerve fiber bundle group (p &lt; 0.001). This study details the characteristics and progression of disc morphology and VF defects in patients with TAO and OAG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T09:53:23Z","timestamp":1630058003000},"page":"3839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characteristics of Optic Disc and Visual Field Changes in Patients with Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy and Open-Angle Glaucoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Chih-Kang","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Songshan Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, Songshan 10581, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Yu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hau-Ming Eye Clinic Center, New Taipei City 22158, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Che-Min","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung City 41152, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsu-Chieh","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Tri-Service General Hospital & National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Da-Wen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital & National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital & National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke-Hung","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital & National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"The epidemiologic characteristics and clinical course of ophthalmopathy associated with autoimmune thyroid disease in Olmstead County, Minnesota","volume":"92","author":"Bartley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trans. 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