{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:40:05Z","timestamp":1761514805990,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]],"date-time":"2021-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: The aim of our study was to identify specific risk factors for fatal outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients. (2) Methods: Our data set consisted of 840 patients enclosed in the LEOSS registry. Using lasso regression for variable selection, a multifactorial logistic regression model was fitted to the response variable survival. Specific risk factors and their odds ratios were derived. A nomogram was developed as a graphical representation of the model. (3) Results: 14 variables were identified as independent factors contributing to the risk of death for critically ill COVID-19 patients: age (OR 1.08, CI 1.06\u20131.10), cardiovascular disease (OR 1.64, CI 1.06\u20132.55), pulmonary disease (OR 1.87, CI 1.16\u20133.03), baseline Statin treatment (0.54, CI 0.33\u20130.87), oxygen saturation (unit = 1%, OR 0.94, CI 0.92\u20130.96), leukocytes (unit 1000\/\u03bcL, OR 1.04, CI 1.01\u20131.07), lymphocytes (unit 100\/\u03bcL, OR 0.96, CI 0.94\u20130.99), platelets (unit 100,000\/\u03bcL, OR 0.70, CI 0.62\u20130.80), procalcitonin (unit ng\/mL, OR 1.11, CI 1.05\u20131.18), kidney failure (OR 1.68, CI 1.05\u20132.70), congestive heart failure (OR 2.62, CI 1.11\u20136.21), severe liver failure (OR 4.93, CI 1.94\u201312.52), and a quick SOFA score of 3 (OR 1.78, CI 1.14\u20132.78). The nomogram graphically displays the importance of these 14 factors for mortality. (4) Conclusions: There are risk factors that are specific to the subpopulation of critically ill COVID-19 patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,30]],"date-time":"2021-08-30T11:01:37Z","timestamp":1630321297000},"page":"3855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Specific Risk Factors for Fatal Outcome in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: Results from a European Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Meintrup","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Management, University of Applied Sciences Ingolstadt, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Borgmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Ingolstadt Hospital, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karlheinz","family":"Seidl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Ingolstadt Hospital, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Stecher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Bonn-Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7940-3264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolin E. M.","family":"Jakob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Bonn-Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1020-0650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Pilgram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3875-5367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph D.","family":"Spinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Rechts Der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 38106 Brunswick, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siegbert","family":"Rieg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine II, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7217-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora","family":"Isberner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5967-5238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Hower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Internal Medicine and Intensive Care, Klinikum Dortmund gGmbH, 44137 Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Vehreschild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7666-4634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siri","family":"G\u00f6pel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Clinical Research Unit for Healthcare Associated Infections, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Hanses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department and Department for Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Nowak-Machen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Ingolstadt Hospital, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Teaching Faculty, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, June 07). 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