{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:28:51Z","timestamp":1790947731406,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Presbyopia treatments using various modalities have been developed recently; however, no standard criteria exist for the diagnosis and treatment endpoint. This study assessed the relationship between the near visual acuity (NVA) and the subjective symptoms of phakic presbyopia and determined the numerical NVA threshold to diagnose phakic presbyopia and evaluate the effectiveness of presbyopia treatment. The binocular distance, NVA with habitual correction, and monocular conventional VA were measured. Patients were asked about their awareness of presbyopia and difficulty performing near tasks. This prospective observational study included 70 patients (mean age, 56 years; range, 32\u201377). Most patients became aware of presbyopia in their late forties, although some had difficulty with vision-related near tasks before becoming aware of presbyopia. Eighty three percent of patients (20\/24) experienced difficulty with near vision-related tasks even with excellent NVA at 40 cm with habitual correction of 0.0 logMAR (20\/20 in Snellen VA). In conclusion, the current study showed that patients became aware of presbyopia in their late forties, although some had difficulty with near vision-related tasks before becoming aware of presbyopia. Further investigation should include the proposal of appropriate diagnostic criteria for presbyopia and better management for patients with presbyopia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10173942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T08:42:32Z","timestamp":1630399352000},"page":"3942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Determination of the Standard Visual Criterion for Diagnosing and Treating Presbyopia According to Subjective Patient Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yukari","family":"Tsuneyoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Masui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen\u2019s Eye Clinic, Yokohama 220-6204, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuko","family":"Toda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minamiaoyama Eye Clinic, Tokyo 107-0061, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyuki","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shonan Keiiku Hospital, Fujisawa 252-0816, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Shonan Keiiku Hospital, Fujisawa 252-0816, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8874-7111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuo","family":"Tsubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9481-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahiko","family":"Ayaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"},{"name":"Otake Clinic Moon View Eye Center, Yamato 242-0001, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2892-9810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuno","family":"Negishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.04.013","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Presbyopia and Vision Impairment from Uncorrected Presbyopia: Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Modelling","volume":"125","author":"Fricke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.04.014","article-title":"The Global Burden of Potential Productivity Loss from Uncorrected Presbyopia","volume":"122","author":"Frick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.09.004","article-title":"Presbyopia: Effectiveness of correction strategies","volume":"68","author":"Wolffsohn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. 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