{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:19:58Z","timestamp":1760235598625,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional\u201d(FEDER)-UE \u201cA way to build Europe\u201d from the \u201cMinisterio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","award":["RTI2018-099778-B-I00","RTI2018-098269-B-I00","RTI2018-097753-B-I00","FJC2018-037958-I","PID2019-108562GB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-099778-B-I00","RTI2018-098269-B-I00","RTI2018-097753-B-I00","FJC2018-037958-I","PID2019-108562GB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Econom\u00eda,Innovaci\u00f3n, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andaluc\u00eda","award":["CTS-510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTS-510"]}]},{"name":"Severo Ochoa Program","award":["CEX2019-000917-S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEX2019-000917-S"]}]},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental-CIBERSAM","award":["CB\/07\/09\/0033","CB\/07\/09\/0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB\/07\/09\/0033","CB\/07\/09\/0006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is evidence that Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) produces health benefits in patients even before initiating stimulation. Furthermore, DBS electrode insertion in rat infralimbic cortex (ILC) provokes antidepressant-like effects before stimulation, due to local inflammation and astrogliosis. Consequently, a significant effect of implanting electrodes is suspected. External fields, similar in magnitude to the brain\u2019s endogenous fields, induce electric dipoles in conducting materials, in turn influencing neural cell growth through wireless effects. To elucidate if such dipoles influence depressive-like behavior, without external stimulation, the comparative effect of conducting and insulated electrodes along with the glial response is studied in unstressed rats. Na\u00efve and implanted rats with electrically insulated or uninsulated steel electrodes were evaluated in the modified forced swimming test and expression of ILC-glial markers was assessed. An antidepressant-like effect was observed with conducting but not with insulated electrodes. Gliosis was detected in both groups, but astroglial reactivity was larger near uninsulated electrodes. Thus, induced dipoles and antidepressant-like effects were only observed with conducting implants. Such correlation suggests that dipoles induced in electrodes by endogenous fields in turn induce neuron stimulation in a feedback loop between electrodes and neural system. Further research of the effects of unwired conducting implants could open new approaches to regulating neuronal function, and possibly treat neurological disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10174003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T13:15:56Z","timestamp":1630934156000},"page":"4003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Induced Dipoles and Possible Modulation of Wireless Effects in Implanted Electrodes. Effects of Implanting Insulated Electrodes on an Animal Test to Screen Antidepressant Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Perez-Caballero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of C\u00e1diz, 11003 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2826-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hector","family":"Carceller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46100 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Nacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Neurobiology Unit, Institute for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46100 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Investigaci\u00f3n Hospital Cl\u00ednico de Valencia, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5386-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicent","family":"Teruel-Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuronal Circuits Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1519-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eulalia","family":"Pujades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2979-4572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nieves","family":"Casa\u00f1-Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Berrocoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of C\u00e1diz, 11003 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de C\u00e1diz, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 C\u00e1diz, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.10.JNS131225","article-title":"Risks of common complications in deep brain stimulation surgery: Management and avoidance","volume":"120","author":"Fenoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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