{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T11:44:08Z","timestamp":1769082248403,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007252","name":"Baugarten Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011561","name":"Georg und Bertha Schwyzer-Winiker-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wild Fundation","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004362","name":"Schweizerische Herzstiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004362","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014434","name":"Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The 2010 Task Force Criteria (TFC) have not been tested to differentiate ARVC from the athlete\u2019s heart. Moreover, some criteria are not available (myocardial biopsy, genetic testing, morphology of ventricular tachycardia) or subject to interobserver variability (right ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities) in clinical practice. We hypothesized that atrial dimensions are useful and robust to differentiate between both entities and proposed a new diagnostic score based upon readily available parameters including echocardiographic atrial dimensions. Methods: In this observational study, 21 patients with definite ARVC were matched for age, gender and body mass index to 42 athletes. Based on ROC analysis, the following parameters were included in the score: indexed right\/left atrial volumes ratio (RAVI\/LAVI ratio), NT-proBNP, RVOT measurements (PLAX and PSAX BSA-corrected), tricuspid annular motion (TAM), precordial TWI and depolarization abnormalities according to TFC. Results: ARVC patients had a higher RAVI\/LAVI ratio (1.76 \u00b1 1.5 vs. 0.87 \u00b1 0.2, p &lt; 0.001), lower right ventricular function (fac: 29 \u00b1 10.1 vs. 42.2 \u00b1 5%, p &lt; 0.001; TAM: 19.8 \u00b1 5.4 vs. 23.8 \u00b1 3.8 mm, p = 0.001) and higher serum NT-proBNP levels (345 \u00b1 612 vs. 48 \u00b1 57 ng\/L, p &lt; 0.001). Our score showed a good performance, which is comparable to the 2010 TFC using those parameters, which are available in routine clinical practice (AUC93%, p &lt; 0.001 (95%CI 0.874\u20130.995) vs. AUC97%, p &lt; 0.001 (95%CI 0.93\u20131.00). A score of 6\/12 points yielded a specificity of 91% and an improved sensitivity of 67% for ARVC diagnosis as compared to a sensitivity of 41% for the abovementioned readily available 2010 TFC. Conclusions: ARVC patients present with significantly larger RA compared to athletes, resulting in a greater RAVI\/LAVI ratio. Our novel diagnostic score includes readily available clinical parameters and has a high diagnostic accuracy to differentiate between ARVC and the athlete\u2019s heart.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10184094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T10:31:34Z","timestamp":1631269894000},"page":"4094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Novel Diagnostic Score Integrating Atrial Dimensions to Differentiate between the Athlete\u2019s Heart and Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9235-6597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina A.","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3089-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Niederseer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justyna M.","family":"Sokolska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7972-5199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boldizsar","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Gasperetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinna","family":"Brunckhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deniz","family":"Akdis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix C.","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4748-0158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firat","family":"Duru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian M.","family":"Schmied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ardan M.","family":"Saguner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020975","article-title":"Right and Left Ventricular Function and Mass in Male Elite Master Athletes: A Controlled Contrast-Enhanced Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study","volume":"133","author":"Bohm","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa821","article-title":"Arrhythmias right ventricular cardiomyopathy and sports activity: From molecular pathways in diseased hearts to new insights into the athletic heart mimicry","volume":"42","author":"Gasperetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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