{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:28:18Z","timestamp":1772252898567,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The goal of this study was to investigate the association of prehospital oxygen administration flow with clinical outcome in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. This was a cross-sectional observational study using an emergency medical services-assessed severe trauma database in South Korea. The sample included adult patients with severe blunt TBI without hypoxia who were treated by EMS providers in 2013 and 2015. Main exposure was prehospital oxygen administration flow rate (no oxygen, low-flow 1~5, mid-flow 6~14, high-flow 15 L\/min). Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. A total of 1842 patients with severe TBI were included. The number of patients with no oxygen, low-flow oxygen, mid-flow oxygen, high-flow oxygen was 244, 573, 607, and 418, respectively. Mortality of each group was 34.8%, 32.3%, 39.9%, and 41.1%, respectively. Compared with the no-oxygen group, adjusted odds (95% CI) for mortality in the low-, mid-, and high-flow oxygen groups were 0.86 (0.62\u20131.20), 1.15 (0.83\u20131.60), and 1.21 (0.83\u20131.73), respectively. In the interaction analysis, low-flow oxygen showed lower mortality when prehospital saturation was 94\u201398% (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.80 (0.67\u20130.95)) and \u226599% (AOR: 0.69 (0.53\u20130.91)). High-flow oxygen showed higher mortality when prehospital oxygen saturation was \u226599% (AOR: 1.33 (1.01~1.74)). Prehospital low-flow oxygen administration was associated with lower in-hospital mortality compared with the no-oxygen group. High-flow administration showed higher mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10184097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T10:31:34Z","timestamp":1631269894000},"page":"4097","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association of Flow Rate of Prehospital Oxygen Administration and Clinical Outcomes in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9293-7404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won Pyo","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"119 EMS Division, The Korean National Fire Agency, Sejong City 30128, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3334-817X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ki Jeong","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Do","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0027-6352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyoung Jun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government\u2014Seoul National University, Seoul 07061, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3855-081X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Han","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government\u2014Seoul National University, Seoul 07061, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6330-9820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3634-9573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Sun","family":"Ro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Graduate School, Dongguk University, Goyang-si 10326, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency medicine, Emergency Medical Center, Dongguk University, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang-si 10326, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9466-104X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chu Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul 04551, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2007-22502","article-title":"The impact of traumatic brain injuries: A global perspective","volume":"22","author":"Hyder","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.23736\/S0390-5616.18.04532-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"62","author":"Iaccarino","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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Neurotrauma"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/18\/4097\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:00:38Z","timestamp":1760166038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/18\/4097"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm10184097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10184097","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-363564\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]}}}