{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:16:33Z","timestamp":1790792193450,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a potentially life threatening severe cutaneous drug reaction. Most patients develop eosinophilia, a rash, a fever, lymphadenopathy and variable visceral organ involvement 2\u20136 weeks following exposure to the inciting medication. Unlike other severe cutaneous drug reactions, internal organ involvement that leads to high mortality is a unique feature of DRESS syndrome. While the liver is the most common internal organ involved, literally every other visceral organ can be affected in this syndrome. The lesser-known gastrointestinal manifestations of this syndrome include esophagitis, gastritis, enteritis, colitis, pancreatitis and a late autoimmune sequela due to pancreatic injury such as fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. While these entities are less common, they are associated with equally severe complications and adverse patient outcomes. In this review, we synthetize data on these rare manifestations using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The liver, the most common visceral organ involved, has been described as part of DRESS elsewhere and is not included in the scope of this article.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10184287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T22:34:01Z","timestamp":1632263641000},"page":"4287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Less Known Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3790-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Djordje","family":"Jevtic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5312-8812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Dumic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Department of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terri","family":"Nordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7647-688X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amteshwar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"},{"name":"Department of Hospital Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadezda","family":"Sulovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9692-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan","family":"Radovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA"},{"name":"Department of Hospital Medicine, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI 54702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mladen","family":"Jecmenica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Fellowship Program, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA 18501, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Milovanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.01.017","article-title":"The DRESS syndrome: A literature review","volume":"124","author":"Cacoub","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. 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