{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:33:37Z","timestamp":1793658817255,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize data on the effectiveness of Sildenafil supplementation for women undergoing assisted reproduction techniques. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluates the effects of Sildenafil administration during infertility treatments compared with a control group in infertile women. Outcomes evaluated were endometrial thickness (ETh) and the clinical pregnancy rate (CPR). The chemical pregnancy rate (ChPR) was also evaluated. Pooled results were expressed as the risk ratio (RR) or mean differences (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Women undergoing ovulation induction who received Sildenafil showed higher ETh and a higher CPR in comparison to controls. In this group, both the ETh and ChPR resulted in significantly higher values only with delayed start administration. Women undergoing fresh or frozen embryo transfer who received Sildenafil showed no significant advantages regarding ETh and CPR in comparison to controls. In this group, we found a significantly higher ChPR in women receiving Sildenafil. A subgroup analysis revealed significant advantages regarding ETh with oral administration for women undergoing fresh or frozen embryo transfer. Sildenafil therapy appears to improve endometrial thickness and pregnancy rate in women undergoing timed intercourses but it resulted not effective in IUI and IVF treatments. Further RCTs with rigorous methodology are still mandatory.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T20:15:32Z","timestamp":1632514532000},"page":"4346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sildenafil Supplementation for Women Undergoing Infertility Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4771-031X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loris","family":"Marin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Andrisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Bordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine-Biological Chemistry, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Dessole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Noventa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amerigo","family":"Vitagliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampiero","family":"Capobianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences, Gynecologic and Obstetric Clinic, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Ambrosini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"The European IVF-Monitoring Consortium (EIM) for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), Embryology, Wyns, C., De Geyter, C., Calhaz-Jorge, C., Kupka, M.S., Motrenko, T., Smeenk, J., Bergh, C., and Tandler-Schneider, A. 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