{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:32:54Z","timestamp":1789471974313,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To analyze occurrence and risk factors for macular edema (ME) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (JIA-U). Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with JIA-U at a tertiary referral uveitis center between 2000 and 2019. Epidemiological data and clinical findings before ME onset were evaluated. Results: Out of 245 patients, ME developed in 41 (18%) of the 228 JIA-U patients for whom data documentation was complete during the follow-up (mean 4.0 \u00b1 3.8 years). Risk factors (univariable logistic regression analysis) at baseline for subsequent ME onset included older age at initial documentation at institution (hazard ratio, HR 1.19, p &lt; 0.0001), longer duration of uveitis at initial documentation (HR 1.17, p &lt; 0.0001), worse best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA; HR 2.49, p &lt; 0.0001), lower intraocular pressure (IOP; HR 0.88, p &lt; 0.01), band keratopathy (HR 2.29, p &lt; 0.01), posterior synechiae (HR 2.55, p &lt; 0.01), epiretinal membrane formation (HR 6.19, p &lt; 0.0001), optic disc swelling (HR 2.81, p &lt; 0.01), and cataract (HR 4.24, p &lt; 0.0001). Older age at initial documentation at institution (HR 1.55, p &lt; 0.001), worse BCVA (HR 28.56, p &lt; 0.001), and higher laser-flare photometry (LFM) values (HR 1.003, p = 0.01) were independent risk factors for ME manifestation. Patients with ME revealed significant changes in BCVA, LFM, and IOP and new optic disc swelling at 6 and 3 months before ME onset compared to timepoint of ME occurrence (p &lt; 0.05, each). Conclusion: ME is a common complication of JIA-U. Demographic risk factors and courses of IOP, BCVA, and LFM may indicate patients at risk for ME onset.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T08:27:44Z","timestamp":1632904064000},"page":"4513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Occurrence and Risk Factors for Macular Edema in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6907-1112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Tappeiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Pallas Kliniken, 4600 Olten, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3100 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han Sol","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, 48145 Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Rothaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, 48145 Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoline","family":"Walscheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, 48145 Muenster, Germany"},{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnd","family":"Heiligenhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, 48145 Muenster, Germany"},{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20460","article-title":"2011 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Initiation and safety monitoring of therapeutic agents for the treatment of arthritis and systemic features","volume":"63","author":"Beukelman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2275","article-title":"A population based study with special reference to the validity of the ILAR and EULAR criteria","volume":"30","author":"Berntson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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