{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T22:27:46Z","timestamp":1788474466477,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neonatal hypertension has been increasingly recognized in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); of note, a sub-population of these infants may have impaired left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, warranting timely treatment to minimize long term repercussions. In this case series, enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, was started in neonates with systemic hypertension and echocardiography signs of LV diastolic dysfunction. A total of 11 patients were included with birth weight of 785 \u00b1 239 grams and gestational age of 25.3 (24, 26.1) weeks. Blood pressure improvement was noticed within 2 weeks of treatment. Improvement in LV diastolic function indices were observed with a reduction in Isovolumic Relaxation Time (IVRT) from 63.1 \u00b1 7.2 to 50.9 \u00b1 7.4 msec and improvement in the left atrium size indexed to aorta (LA:Ao) from1.73 (1.43, 1.88) to 1.23 (1.07, 1.29). Neonatal systemic hypertension is often underappreciated in ex-preterm infants and may be associated with important maladaptive cardiac changes with long term implications. It is biologically plausible that identifying and treating LV diastolic dysfunction in neonates with systemic hypertension may have a positive modulator effect on cardiovascular health in childhood and beyond.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:03:42Z","timestamp":1632960222000},"page":"4519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Safety, Feasibility, and Impact of Enalapril on Cardiorespiratory Physiology and Health in Preterm Infants with Systemic Hypertension and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Amy H.","family":"Stanford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle R.","family":"Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regan E.","family":"Giesinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer G.","family":"Jetton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrianne R.","family":"Bischoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15574","article-title":"Impact of the Vulnerable Preterm Heart and Circulation on Adult Cardiovascular Disease Risk","volume":"76","author":"Lewandowski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.126920","article-title":"Preterm heart in adult life: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance reveals distinct differences in left ventricular mass, geometry, and function","volume":"127","author":"Lewandowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.08.028","article-title":"Outcomes at 18 to 22 Months of Corrected Age for Infants Born at 22 to 25 Weeks of Gestation in a Center Practicing Active Management","volume":"217","author":"Watkins","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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