{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T23:40:15Z","timestamp":1787701215944,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/23\/N\/NZ7\/03363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/23\/N\/NZ7\/03363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The launch of novel chemotherapeutic agents\u2014in particular, proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs\u2014dramatically changed multiple myeloma (MM) therapy, improving the response rate and prolonging progression-free survival. However, none of the anti-MM drugs are deprived of side effects. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) seems to be one of the most pressing problems. Despite extensive research in this area, the pathogenesis of drug-induced peripheral neuropathy (DiPN) has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to assess the potential relationship between proinflammatory factors and the development of PN in MM patients with particular emphasis on the application of VTD (bortezomib, thalidomide, dexamethasone) regimen. Our analysis identified increased concentrations of CCL2, IL-1\u03b2, and IFN-\u03b3 in plasma of MM patients during treatment, both with and without symptoms of PN, compared with untreated neuropathy-free MM patients. At the same time, the plasma concentration of IL-1\u03b2 in patients with neuropathy was significantly increased compared with patients without PN before and during treatment. Moreover, the results were enhanced at the transcript level by performing global mRNA expression analysis using microarray technology. The most significant changes were observed in the expression of genes responsible for regulating immunological and apoptotic processes. An in-depth understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the development of DiPN might in the future reduce the incidence of PN and accelerate diagnosis, allowing the choice of neuropathy-free treatment strategies for MM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T16:23:58Z","timestamp":1633623838000},"page":"4584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Potential Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Complement Components in the Development of Drug-Induced Neuropathy in Patients with Multiple Myeloma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4008-7473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"\u0141uczkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Rutka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8884-837X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorota","family":"Rogi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7052-9741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Paczkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9933-5844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Baumert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4445-6192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u0142awomir","family":"Milczarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"G\u00f3rska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8695-8863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Kulig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogumi\u0142a","family":"Os\u0119kowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Janowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9415-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Safranow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Sommerfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Borowiecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Zawodny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian 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