{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:23:06Z","timestamp":1782271386055,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piast\u00f3w Slaskich we Wroclawiu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST.C230.17.041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST.C230.17.041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-suicidal self-injuries (NSSIs) have been identified as one of the most predictive factors of suicidal behaviours in adolescents. However, it remains unknown whether certain functions of NSSIs are associated with suicide risk, and what are the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between functions of NSSIs and suicide risk in adolescents with conduct disorder (CD), which shares some common characteristics with NSSIs. Participants were 215 adolescents (155 females, 72.1%) with CD. Functions of NSSIs, depressive symptoms, the levels of impulsivity, anxiety, self-esteem and aggression were examined. There were 77 adolescents with lifetime history of NSSIs (35.8%). Among them, adolescents with lifetime history of suicide attempt were significantly more likely to report anti-dissociation and anti-suicide function of NSSIs. They had significantly higher levels of anxiety as well as significantly lower self-esteem. Higher lifetime number of NSSIs was associated with higher odds of reporting anti-dissociation and anti-suicide functions. Moreover, these two functions fully mediated the association between lifetime number of NSSIs and suicide risk after co-varying for depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as self-esteem. The present findings indicate that anti-suicide and anti-dissociation functions of NSSIs might be crucial predictors of suicide risk in adolescents with CD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T21:23:55Z","timestamp":1633728235000},"page":"4602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Self-Injuries and Their Functions with Respect to Suicide Risk in Adolescents with Conduct Disorder: Findings from a Path Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Szewczuk-Bogus\u0142awska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Kaczmarek-Fojtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Halicka-Mas\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5392-6398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u0142a\u017cej","family":"Misiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.04.038","article-title":"Perceived effectiveness of NSSI in achieving functions on severity and suicide risk","volume":"265","author":"Brausch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.03.035","article-title":"Longitudinal association between self-injurious thoughts and behaviors and suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"215","author":"Almenara","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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