{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:36:19Z","timestamp":1787164579881,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in developed countries. Treatment-related lymphedema negatively affects the quality of life and function of patients. This study investigated the cumulative incidence and risk factors of, and utilization of health care resources for, lymphedema in patients with endometrial cancer. Methods: We conducted a nationwide, retrospective cohort study of women with endometrial cancer who underwent cancer-direct treatment using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. Patients were categorized by age, region, income, and treatment modality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the incidence and risk factors of lymphedema. We also analyzed utilization of health care resources for lymphedema using diagnostic and treatment claim codes. Results: A total of 19,027 patients with endometrial cancer were evaluated between January 2004 and December 2017. Among them, 2493 (13.1%) developed lymphedema. Age (&lt;40 years, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1 vs. 40\u201359 years, aOR = 1.413; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.203\u20131.66 vs. 60+ years, aOR = 1.472; 95% CI 1.239\u20131.748) and multimodal treatment (surgery only, aOR = 1 vs. surgery + radiation + chemotherapy, aOR = 2.571; 95% CI 2.27\u20132.912) are considered to be possible risk factors for lymphedema in patients with endometrial cancer (p &lt; 0.001). The utilization of health care resources for the treatment of lymphedema has increased over the years. Conclusions: Lymphedema is a common complication affecting women with endometrial cancer and leads to an increase in national healthcare costs. Post-treatment surveillance of lymphedema, especially in high-risk groups, is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10204647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]],"date-time":"2021-10-11T09:16:42Z","timestamp":1633943802000},"page":"4647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Lymphedema in Endometrial Cancer Survivor: A Nationwide Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7649-7194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su-Jeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Pyo","family":"Myong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8129-2460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eui-Jin","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung-Jong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan-Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1591-1611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Hwi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uijeongbu St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21099","article-title":"Geographic and temporal variations in cancer of the corpus uteri: Incidence and mortality in pre- and postmenopausal women in Europe","volume":"117","author":"Bray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. 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