{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T10:20:23Z","timestamp":1779877223754,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]],"date-time":"2021-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several studies have linked apical periodontitis and systemic diseases. The aim of this study is to present a systematic review of the available literature investigating whether there is an association between pulpal-periapical pathology and autoimmune disease. The review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. A literature search was performed in five databases. Studies involving patients with pulpal-periapical pathology and autoimmune diseases were included in the review. Based on the PICO model, the research question aimed to assess whether there is an increased risk of developing pulpal-periapical pathology in patients with autoimmune disease. Article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed using an adapted version of the STROBE guidelines. A total of seven studies were included in our review. The types of articles were five case-control and two cross-sectional studies. Periapical pathologies were associated to three autoimmune diseases (diabetes mellitus I, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease). Among the included studies, four show a low risk of bias, while three present a moderate risk. There could be an association between apical periodontitis and autoimmune diseases, although most studies report statistically non-significant associations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10214886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T22:06:16Z","timestamp":1635113176000},"page":"4886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Association between Pulpal-Periapical Pathology and Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Guerrero-Giron\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Care Dentistry and Gerodontology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ros-Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Care Dentistry and Gerodontology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0512-8831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Pilar","family":"Pecci-Lloret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Care Dentistry and Gerodontology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0623-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Care Dentistry and Gerodontology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Ram\u00f3n","family":"Pecci-Lloret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Care Dentistry and Gerodontology Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2010.08.010","article-title":"Dental caries and pulpal disease","volume":"55","author":"Zero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent. 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