{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T01:52:57Z","timestamp":1788141177619,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of the present systematic review was to investigate the effect of residual bone height (RBH) and vertical bone gain on new bone formation (NBF) and graft shrinkage after lateral sinus lifts using different biomaterials. Methods: An electronic search was conducted on three databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until January 2021 with at least one follow-up at 6 months and at least five patients treated, comparing biomaterials used for maxillary sinus augmentation with a lateral approach. Graft volumetric changes, RBH, vertical bone gain, implant failure, and post-operative complications were evaluated. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Results: We used 4010 identified studies, of which 21 were RCTs. Overall, 412 patients and 533 sinuses were evaluated. Only three publications had an overall low risk of bias. After 6 months, xenograft (XG) showed the least volume reduction (7.30 \u00b1 15.49%), while autogenous graft (AU) was the most reabsorbed (41.71 \u00b1 12.63%). NBF appeared to not be directly correlated with RBH; on the contrary, the overall linear regression analysis showed that NBF significantly decreased by 1.6% for each mm of postoperative vertical graft gain. This finding suggests that the greater the augmentation, the lower the NBF. A similar tendency, with a regression coefficient even higher than the overall one, was also observed with alloplast (AP) and XG. Conclusions: The present results suggested that NBF was essentially independent of preoperative bone height. On the contrary, the smaller the volume was of the graft placed, the higher the amount of new bone formed, and the smaller the graft shrinkage was. Minimizing the augmentation volume might be beneficial to graft healing and stability especially when using AP and XG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10214996","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T23:24:42Z","timestamp":1635377082000},"page":"4996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Radiographic and Histomorphometric Evaluation of Biomaterials Used for Lateral Sinus Augmentation: A Systematic Review on the Effect of Residual Bone Height and Vertical Graft Size on New Bone Formation and Graft Shrinkage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8726-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Pesce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Ospedale S. Martino, L. Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6503-1201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Menini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Ospedale S. Martino, L. Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9875-2929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Canullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9177-3505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahnawaz","family":"Khijmatgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Modenese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Ospedale S. Martino, L. Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Gallifante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, Ospedale S. Martino, L. Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7144-0984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Del Fabbro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03196-6","article-title":"Objective computerised assessment of residual ridge resorption in the human maxilla and maxillary sinus pneumatisation","volume":"24","author":"Gerken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2014.10.001","article-title":"Maxillary sinus augmentation","volume":"59","author":"Mohan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2013.e10","article-title":"Maxillary sinus augmentation procedures through equine-derived biomaterial or calvaria autologous bone: Immunohistochemical evaluation of OPG\/RANKL in humans","volume":"57","author":"Tete","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Histochem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2009.07.007","article-title":"Fixed rehabilitation of the edentulous maxilla: Possibilities and clinical outcome","volume":"67","author":"Att","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s192","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.16suppl.g5.3","article-title":"Maxillary Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis: A Survey of Reviews and Key Variables for Treatment Planning","volume":"31","author":"Gallucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2011.01.006","article-title":"Sinus floor elevation using osteotomes or piezoelectric surgery","volume":"40","author":"Baldi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.4498","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Management of Implant-Supported Rehabilitation in the Posterior Maxilla, Part II. Surgical Techniques and Decision Tree","volume":"40","author":"Stacchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Restor. Dent."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)02107-3","article-title":"Maxillary and sinus implant reconstructions","volume":"30","author":"Tatum","year":"1986","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"613","article-title":"Grafting of the maxillary sinus floor with autogenous marrow and bone","volume":"38","author":"Boyne","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e107","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.4884","article-title":"Intraoperative Complications During Sinus Floor Elevation with Lateral Approach: A Systematic Review","volume":"32","author":"Stacchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e117","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12136","article-title":"Intraoperative complications during sinus floor elevation using two different ultrasonic approaches: A two-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Stacchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13026","article-title":"Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing clinical and patient-reported outcomes between extra-short (\u22646 mm) and longer (\u226510 mm) implants","volume":"46","author":"Ravida","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12946","article-title":"Are <7-mm long implants in native bone as effective as longer implants in augmented bone for the rehabilitation of posterior atrophic jaws? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Iezzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.5804","article-title":"Immediate Versus Delayed Loading of Dental Implants Supporting Fixed Full-Arch Maxillary Prostheses: A 10-year Follow-up Report","volume":"32","author":"Pera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Prosthodont."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512455802","article-title":"Tilted implants in the immediate loading rehabilitation of the maxilla: A systematic review","volume":"91","author":"Menini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"11","article-title":"Report of the Sinus Consensus Conference of 1996","volume":"13","author":"Jensen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"e135","article-title":"Meta-analytic study of implant survival following sinus augmentation","volume":"17","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"565","article-title":"Systematic review of survival rates for implants placed in the grafted maxillary sinus","volume":"24","author":"Testori","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Rest. Dent."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01272.x","article-title":"A systematic review of the success of sinus floor elevation and survival of implants inserted in combination with sinus floor elevation","volume":"35","author":"Pjetursson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.11607\/prd.1288","article-title":"Long-term implant survival in the grafted maxillary sinus: A systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Wallace","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Rest. Dent."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2019.05.004","article-title":"Do osteoconductive bone substitutes result in similar bone regeneration for maxillary sinus augmentation when compared to osteogenic and osteoinductive bone grafts? A systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Alkhutari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S96","DOI":"10.1007\/s005860100282","article-title":"Osteoinduction, osteoconduction and osseointegration","volume":"10","author":"Albrektsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2016.05.008","article-title":"A comprehensive clinical review of maxillary sinus floor elevation: Anatomy, techniques, biomaterials and complications","volume":"54","author":"Loomer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2007.00050.x","article-title":"A literature review on biomaterials in sinus augmentation procedures","volume":"9","author":"Browaeys","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"528","article-title":"Sinus floor elevation using anorganic bovine bone matrix (OsteoGraf\/N) with and without autogenous bone: A clinical, histologic, radiographic, and histomorphometric analysis\u2014Part 2 of an ongoing prospective study","volume":"18","author":"Froum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Periodontics Rest. Dent."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"635","article-title":"A clinical and histologic evaluation of implant integration in the posterior maxilla after sinus floor augmentation with autogenous bone, bovine hydroxyapatite, or a 20:80 mixture","volume":"17","author":"Hallman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"27","article-title":"Autogenous bone versus deproteinised bovine bone matrix in 1-stage lateral sinus floor elevation in the severely atrophied maxilla: A randomised controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Merli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2001.tb00236.x","article-title":"Histologic analysis of clinical biopsies taken 6 months and 3 years after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with 80% bovine hydroxyapatite and 20% autogenous bone mixed with fibrin glue","volume":"3","author":"Hallman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2010.01939.x","article-title":"Histological and histomorphometrical analyses of biopsies harvested 11 years after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with deproteinized bovine and autogenous bone","volume":"21","author":"Mordenfeld","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12518","article-title":"Comparison between mineralized cancellous bone allograft and an alloplast material for sinus augmentation: A split mouth histomorphometric study","volume":"19","author":"Kolerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2007.03.004","article-title":"Bone graft materials","volume":"51","author":"Precheur","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0000000000000920","article-title":"Radiological and Histomorphometric Outcomes of Homologous Bone Graft in Postextractive Implant Sites: A 6-Year Retrospective Analysis","volume":"28","author":"Baldi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Implant Dent."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.4.470","article-title":"Ability of commercial demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft to induce new bone formation is dependent on donor age but not gender","volume":"69","author":"Schwartz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12702","article-title":"Histomorphometric outcomes after lateral sinus floor elevation procedure: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Corbella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12402","article-title":"Histomorphometric results of different grafting materials and effect of healing time on bone maturation after sinus floor augmentation: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Engebretson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Periodontal. Res."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"548","article-title":"Regenerative bone potential after sinus floor elevation using various bone graft materials: A systematic review","volume":"50","author":"Stumbras","year":"2019","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13690","article-title":"Relative performance of various biomaterials used for maxillary sinus augmentation: A Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Trimmel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins, J.P.T., and Green, S. (2008). Cochrane Collaboration. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, Wiley-Blackwell.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.02036.x","article-title":"Autologous platelet concentrates for bone graft enhancement in sinus lift procedure","volume":"49","author":"Bettega","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2010.02032.x","article-title":"Sinus floor augmentation using large (1\u20132 mm) or small (0.25\u20131 mm) bovine bone mineral particles: A prospective, intra-individual controlled clinical, micro-computerized tomography and histomorphometric study","volume":"22","author":"Chackartchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9046","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65874-5","article-title":"Histomorphometrical Assessment of Sinus Augmentation Using Allograft (Particles or Block) and Simultaneous Implant Placement","volume":"10","author":"Chaushu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12261","article-title":"Volumetric dimensional changes of autogenous bone and the mixture of hydroxyapatite and autogenous bone graft in humans maxillary sinus augmentation. A multislice tomographic study","volume":"25","author":"Cosso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40729-020-00214-w","article-title":"Comparison of two anorganic bovine bone in maxillary sinus lift: A split-mouth study with clinical, radiographical, and histomorphometrical analysis","volume":"6","author":"Goulart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Implant Dent."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2013.08.008","article-title":"A histomorphometric and micro-computed tomography study of bone regeneration in the maxillary sinus comparing biphasic calcium phosphate and deproteinized cancellous bovine bone in a human split-mouth model","volume":"117","author":"Overman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12741","article-title":"Sinus floor elevation using particulate PLGA-coated biphasic calcium phosphate bone graft substitutes: A prospective histological and radiological study","volume":"21","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2015.07.003","article-title":"Use of autogenous bone and beta-tricalcium phosphate in maxillary sinus lifting: A prospective, randomized, volumetric computed tomography study","volume":"44","author":"Gorla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e175","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12983","article-title":"Monophasic ss-TCP vs. biphasic HA\/ss-TCP in two-stage sinus floor augmentation procedures\u2014a prospective randomized clinical trial","volume":"28","author":"Jelusic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-1886-1","article-title":"Space maintenance in autogenous fresh demineralized tooth blocks with platelet-rich plasma for maxillary sinus bone formation: A prospective study","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"SpringerPlus"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12086","article-title":"The influence of particulated autogenous bone on the early volume stability of maxillary sinus grafts with biphasic calcium phosphate: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"17","author":"Kuhl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/cid.12430","article-title":"Randomized Clinical Trial of Maxillary Sinus Grafting using Deproteinized Porcine and Bovine Bone Mineral","volume":"19","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1563\/aaid-joi-D-17-00139","article-title":"Do Clinical and Radiological Assessments Contribute to the Understanding of Biomaterials? Results from a Prospective Randomized Sinus Augmentation Split-Mouth Trial","volume":"44","author":"Lorenz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"611","article-title":"Comparison of two different xenografts in bilateral sinus augmentation: Radiographic and histologic findings","volume":"46","author":"Panagiotou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quintessence Int."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/ID.0000000000000844","article-title":"Maxillary Sinus Augmentation With Calcium Phosphate Double-Coated Anorganic Bovine Bone: Comparative Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial With Histological and Radiographic Evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Pang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Implant Dent."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2017.11.016","article-title":"Comparative study of volumetric changes and trabecular microarchitecture in human maxillary sinus bone augmentation with bioactive glass and autogenous bone graft: A prospective and randomized assessment","volume":"47","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328214552709","article-title":"Fresh-frozen allografts combined with bovine bone mineral enhance bone formation in sinus augmentation","volume":"29","author":"Sehn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01437.x","article-title":"Effect of platelet-rich plasma on sinus lifting: A randomized-controlled clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Torres","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2016.03.005","article-title":"Maxillary sinus grafting with fresh frozen allograft versus bovine bone mineral: A tomographic and histological study","volume":"44","author":"Xavier","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.3924","article-title":"Maxillary Sinus Grafting with Autograft Versus Fresh-Frozen Allograft: A Split-Mouth Evaluation of Bone Volume Dynamics","volume":"30","author":"Xavier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01697.x","article-title":"Long-term changes in graft height after maxillary sinus floor elevation with different grafting materials: Radiographic evaluation with a minimum follow-up of 4.5 years","volume":"20","author":"Zijderveld","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2004.00996.x","article-title":"A clinical long-term radiographic evaluation of graft height changes after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with a 2:1 autogenous bone\/xenograft mixture and simultaneous placement of dental implants","volume":"15","author":"Hatano","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menezes, J.D., Pereira, R.D.S., Santos, A.M.S., de Siqueira, N.B., Boos-Lima, F., and Hochuli-Vieira, E. (2021). Three-dimensional volumetric changes of 5 different bone grafts in human maxillary sinuses reconstruction: A randomized clinical study. Oral Maxillofac. Surg., 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-021-00940-4"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2019.03.006","article-title":"Evaluation of three-dimensional contraction of the volume of grafts after staged augmentation of the sinus floor, and an analysis of influential factors","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation with Autogenous Bone Graft Compared with a Composite Grafting Material or Bone Substitute Alone: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Assessing Volumetric Stability of the Grafting Material","volume":"12","author":"Deluiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.3472","article-title":"Volume changes of maxillary sinus augmentations over time: A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Shanbhag","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.3236","article-title":"Three-dimensional volume change of grafted bone in the maxillary sinus","volume":"29","author":"Mazzocco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e144","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000002393","article-title":"Evaluation of Volumetric Changes of Augmented Maxillary Sinus With Different Bone Grafting Biomaterials","volume":"27","author":"Gultekin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Craniofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.11607\/jomi.7318","article-title":"Volumetric Analysis of Allogenic and Xenogenic Bone Substitutes Used in Maxillary Sinus Augmentations Utilizing Cone Beam CT: A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study","volume":"34","author":"Salem","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-160X-5-12","article-title":"A histomorphometric meta-analysis of sinus elevation with various grafting materials","volume":"5","author":"Handschel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Head Face Med."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.090686","article-title":"The influence of the bucco-palatal distance on sinus augmentation outcomes","volume":"81","author":"Avila","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080117","article-title":"Histomorphometric analysis of newly formed bone after maxillary sinus floor augmentation using ground cortical bone allograft and internal collagen membrane","volume":"79","author":"Kolerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.19-0656","article-title":"The vertical course of bone regeneration in maxillary sinus floor augmentations: A histomorphometric analysis of human biopsies","volume":"92","author":"Beck","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taschieri, S., Ofer, M., Corbella, S., Testori, T., Dellavia, C., Nemcovsky, C., Canciani, E., Francetti, L., del Fabbro, M., and Tartaglia, G. (2020). The Influence of Residual Alveolar Bone Height on Graft Composition after Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Using Two Different Xenografts: A Histomorphometric Comparative Study. Materials, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13225093"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2011.02270.x","article-title":"Analysis of the influence of residual alveolar bone height on sinus augmentation outcomes","volume":"23","author":"Neiva","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13417","article-title":"Influence of residual bone height and sinus width on the outcome of maxillary sinus bone augmentation using anorganic bovine bone","volume":"30","author":"Pignaton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12101","article-title":"The influence of bone marrow aspirates and concentrates on the early volume stability of maxillary sinus grafts with deproteinized bovine bone mineral\u2014First results of a RCT","volume":"25","author":"Kuhl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2016.05.006","article-title":"Graftless sinus augmentation with simultaneous dental implant placement: Clinical results and biological perspectives","volume":"45","author":"Falah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8208.2004.tb00224.x","article-title":"Bone reformation with sinus membrane elevation: A new surgical technique for maxillary sinus floor augmentation","volume":"6","author":"Lundgren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Implant Dent. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105483","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/105483","article-title":"The Maxillary Sinus Membrane Elevation Procedure: Augmentation of Bone around Dental Implants without Grafts\u2014A Review of a Surgical Technique","volume":"2012","author":"Riben","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23276","article-title":"Regenerative potential of human schneiderian membrane: Progenitor cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition","volume":"298","author":"Sarafoleanu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.03.009","article-title":"The innate osteogenic potential of the maxillary sinus (Schneiderian) membrane: An ectopic tissue transplant model simulating sinus lifting","volume":"39","author":"Srouji","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2004.01062.x","article-title":"Porcine sinus mucosa holds cells that respond to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6 and BMP-7 with increased osteogenic differentiation in vitro","volume":"15","author":"Gruber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-008-9202-x","article-title":"The Schneiderian membrane contains osteoprogenitor cells: In vivo and in vitro study","volume":"84","author":"Srouji","year":"2009","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13144","article-title":"New bone formation after transcrestal sinus floor elevation was influenced by sinus cavity dimensions: A prospective histologic and histomorphometric study","volume":"29","author":"Stacchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Implants Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/21\/4996\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:21:22Z","timestamp":1760167282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/10\/21\/4996"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm10214996"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10214996","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]}}}