{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:27:24Z","timestamp":1760236044823,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Development of cataracts is a well-known adverse effect of ionizing radiation, but little information is available on their incidence in patients after other medical procedures, such as cardiac catheterizations. The study objective was to determine the incidence of cataracts in a cohort of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO) and its association with radiation dose. The study analyzed the incidence of cataracts during the follow-up of 126 patients who underwent chronic total coronary PCI, using Cox regression to identify predictive factors of cataract development. The study included 126 patients, 86.9% male, with a mean age of 60.5 years (range, 55.0\u201368.0 years). Twenty-three (18.2% n = 23) developed cataracts during a mean follow-up of 49.5 months (range 37.3\u201364.5 months). A higher incidence was observed in patients who received more than 5 Gy (29.0% vs. 14.7%, Hazard ratio (HR = 2.84 [1.19\u20136.77]). Multivariate analysis revealed a relationship between cataract development during the follow-up and a receipt of radiation dose &gt;5 Gy (HR = 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI 1.03\u20136.61]; p = 0.03), presence or history of predisposing eye disease (HR = 4.42, CI:1.57\u201312.40), diabetes (HR = 3.33 [1.22\u20139.24]), and older age, as in &gt;57 (HR, 6.40 [1.81\u201322.61]). An elevated incidence of cataracts was observed in patients after PCI for CTO. The onset of cataracts is related to the radiation dose during catheterization, which is a potentially avoidable effect of which operators should be aware.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T23:24:42Z","timestamp":1635377082000},"page":"5002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High Incidence of Cataracts in the Follow-Up of Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Coronary Total Occlusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0787-9383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Rivera-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3093-6526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia","family":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophtalmology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2087-718X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael A.","family":"Rivera-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Granada (UGR), 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3584-3900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Almansa-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiophysics Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Rivera-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Ja\u00e9n, 23007 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Molina-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6929-3479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Ortiz-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Ophtalmology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"University of Granada (UGR), 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Medicine Department, University of Granada (UGR), 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1110","article-title":"Spanish Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Intervention Registry. 26th Official Report of the Spanish Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cardiac Catheterization and Interventional Cardiology (1990\u20132016)","volume":"70","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. 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