{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:21Z","timestamp":1787028621891,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although several cochleo-vestibular symptoms are commonly associated with migraine, only a limited number of studies have been done in this regard. Some reported abnormalities in audiometry, auditory brainstem response and vestibular tests, considering these manifestations mainly related to central etiology. However, increasing evidence also suggests a peripheral involvement of the inner ear in migraine. The aim of this study was to investigate the peripheral auditory pathway in migraineurs using otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), to detect alteration of cochlear functioning and possible relationship with disease severity. Sixty-two migraineurs and sixty matched controls were enrolled in the study and underwent a routine neuro-otolaryngology examination; self-administered questionnaires were used to evaluate subjective perception of hearing disability. DPOAE and their suppression were lower in migraineurs compared to controls and significantly related to the disease duration. Altered DPOAE exposed migraineurs to the risk of affecting by migraine without aura, of presenting with ocular and\/or auditory symptoms during attack and of using more painkillers. Concomitant dopaminergic symptoms and\/or allodynia such as the acute non-consumption of triptans were significant determinants of decreased contralateral suppression of DPOAE among migraineurs. This potential subclinical cochlear impairment in migraine detected by OAEs may represent the earliest sign of sensorineural damage in these patients, providing a promising tool for the initial diagnosis and an opportunity to monitor disease course and treatment response over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T23:24:42Z","timestamp":1635377082000},"page":"5007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions and Their Suppression as Predictors of Peripheral Auditory Damage in Migraine: A Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5113-2017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Albanese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Referral Headache Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Di Girolamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Silvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7889-0280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Ciaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Chiaramonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INAIL Consulenza Statistico Attuariale, Settore Tariffe, 00143 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Referral Headache Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco Maria","family":"Passali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Clinical Sciences and Translation Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Battista","family":"Di Gioia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Referral Headache Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6700-7491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola Biagio","family":"Mercuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Referral Headache Center, Neurology Unit, University Hospital \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5510-3814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Di Stadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Department, Silvestri University Hospital, University of Perugia, 06151 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.07.021","article-title":"Migraine pathophysiology: Anatomy of the trigeminovascular pathway and associated neurological symptoms, cortical spreading depression, sensitization, and modulation of pain","volume":"154","author":"Noseda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.03.033","article-title":"Altered brainstem auditory evoked potentials in a rat central sensitization model are similar to those in migraine","volume":"1563","author":"Arakaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain 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