{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:10:06Z","timestamp":1787922606706,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6U19DD001218, 1 NU50DD000099-01-00, 5U19DD001218, 5U19DD001218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6U19DD001218, 1 NU50DD000099-01-00, 5U19DD001218, 5U19DD001218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DRDC","award":["6U19DD001218, 1 NU50DD000099-01-00, 5U19DD001218, 5U19DD001218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6U19DD001218, 1 NU50DD000099-01-00, 5U19DD001218, 5U19DD001218"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: A primary goal of early intervention is to assist children in achieving age-appropriate language skills. The amount of intervention a child receives is ideally based on his or her individual needs, yet it is unclear if language ability impacts amount of intervention and\/or if an increased frequency of intervention sessions results in better outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the frequency of early intervention sessions and vocabulary outcomes in young children with hearing loss. Methods: This was a longitudinal study of 210 children 9 to 36 months of age with bilateral hearing loss living in 12 different states. Expressive vocabulary skills were evaluated using the MacArthur\u2013Bates Communicative Development Inventories. Results: A higher number of intervention sessions reported at the first assessment predicted better vocabulary scores at the second assessment, and more sessions reported at the second assessment predicted better scores at the third assessment. For each increase in the number of sessions reported, there was a corresponding, positive increase in vocabulary quotient. In contrast, children\u2019s vocabulary ability at an earlier time point did not predict intervention session frequency at a later point in time. Conclusions: A significant prospective effect was apparent with more therapy sessions resulting in improved vocabulary scores 9 months later. These findings underscore the importance of early intervention. Pediatricians and other health care professionals can help apply these findings by counseling parents regarding the value of frequent and consistent participation in early intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T23:51:36Z","timestamp":1635465096000},"page":"5025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Frequency of Early Intervention Sessions and Vocabulary Skills in Children with Hearing Loss"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mallene","family":"Wiggin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado-Boulder, 409 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison L.","family":"Sedey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Colorado-Boulder, 409 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"},{"name":"Colorado School for the Deaf and the Blind, 33 N. Institute St., Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7925-123X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Yoshinaga-Itano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado-Boulder, 594 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA"},{"name":"Centre for Deaf Studies, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9690-1692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Craig A.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Learning and Teaching, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Gaffney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winnie","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speech Pathology\/Audiology, Veterans Health Care System of the Ozarks, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20162964","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2964","article-title":"Early hearing detection and vocabulary of children with hearing loss","volume":"140","author":"Sedey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) (2017, February 12). 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