{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:06:32Z","timestamp":1789049192158,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease is a systemic vasculitis that affects multiple organs. The most common manifestations are oral and genital ulcerations and recurrent uveitis. Uveitis can be an initial symptom in 10\u201320% of cases and leads to blindness in 16\u201325% of patients. The management of this disease is evolving due to the clinical phenotypes recently described in the literature and increasing focus on the detection of subclinical inflammation to enable correct therapeutic decisions. The first line treatment is azathioprine, followed by various immunosuppressive and biological agents as alternatives in severe or refractory cases. This review summarizes scientific articles about the etiology of, diagnostic tools for and treatment of the ocular manifestations of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease available in the PubMed database from 1 January 2016 to 1 May 2021. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to effectively prevent permanent damage and thus improve the life quality of the patients. Therefore, it is crucial to raise awareness of the common clusters of symptoms, use of modern imaging methods, such as ocular computed tomography and fluorescein angiography, and novelty treatment algorithms to enable early diagnosis and appropriate management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10215174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T10:33:09Z","timestamp":1636108389000},"page":"5174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Ocular Manifestations of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease: An Update on Diagnostic Challenges and Disease Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hanna","family":"Zaj\u0105c","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Turno-Kr\u0119cicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2015.1094095","article-title":"Ocular Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease: Changing Patterns Over Time, Complications and Long-Term Visual Prognosis","volume":"25","author":"Accorinti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. 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