{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:36:13Z","timestamp":1790163373036,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. To define what type of injuries are more frequently related to medicolegal claims and civil action judgments. Methods. We performed a scoping review on 14 studies and 2406 patients, analyzing medicolegal claims related to laparoscopic cholecystectomy injuries. We have focalized on three phases associated with claims: phase of care, location of injuries, type of injuries. Results. The most common phase of care associated with litigation was the improper intraoperative surgical performance (47.6% \u00b1 28.3%), related to a \u201cpoor\u201d visualization, and the improper post-operative management (29.3% \u00b1 31.6%). The highest rate of defense verdicts was reported for the improper post-operative management of the injury (69.3% \u00b1 23%). A lower rate was reported in the incorrect presurgical assessment (39.7% \u00b1 24.4%) and in the improper intraoperative surgical performance (21.39% \u00b1 21.09%). A defense verdict was more common in cystic duct injuries (100%), lower in hepatic bile duct (42.9%) and common bile duct (10%) injuries. Conclusions. During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the most common cause of claims, associated with lower rate of defense verdict, was the improper intraoperative surgical performance. The decision to take legal action was determined often for poor communication after the original incident.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10225238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T23:02:41Z","timestamp":1636671761000},"page":"5238","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Injuries during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Scoping Review of the Claims and Civil Action Judgements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2457-0636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Cirocchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Panata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Legal Medicine and Insurance Office, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewen A.","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK"},{"name":"Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni D.","family":"Tebala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Emergency Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Lancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2287-2582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piergiorgio","family":"Fedeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Law, Legal Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Augusto","family":"Lauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Hospital \u201cPoliclinico Umberto I\u201d, \u201cSapienza\u201d University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9255-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Anania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Avenia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salomone","family":"Di Saverio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, ASUR Marche, AV5, Hospital of San Benedetto del Tronto, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0907-4965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Burini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Emergency Surgery, Hospital \u201cOspedali Riuniti di Ancona\u201d, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"De Sol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, St. Maria Hospital, 05100 Terni, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Verdelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Legal Medicine and Insurance Office, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/00019509-199610000-00006","article-title":"Serious trocar accidents in laparoscopic surgery: A French survey of 103,852 operations","volume":"6","author":"Champault","year":"1996","journal-title":"Surg. 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