{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T23:55:26Z","timestamp":1783468526914,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objectives of this study were to evaluate urinary beta-2-microglobulin (\u03b22M) levels in long-term childhood cancer survivors and to establish its association with anticancer drug-induced nephrotoxicity. The study consisted of 165 childhood cancer survivors (CCS) who were in continuous complete remission. We reported that CCS had a significantly higher level of \u03b22M (p &lt; 0.001) and \u03b22M\/Cr. ratio (p &lt; 0.05) than healthy peers. Among all participants, 24 (14.5%) had decreased eGFR (&lt;90 mL\/min\/1.73 m2). A significant positive correlation between \u03b22M\/Cr. ratio and body mass index (coef. 14.48, p = 0.046) was found. Furthermore, higher levels of urinary \u03b22M were detected among CCS with a longer follow-up time (over 5 years) after treatment. Subjects with decreased eGFR showed statistically higher urinary \u03b22M levels (20.06 \u00b1 21.56 ng\/mL vs. 8.55 \u00b1 3.65 ng\/mL, p = 0.007) compared with the healthy peers. Twelve survivors (7.2%) presented hyperfiltration and they had higher urinary \u03b22M levels than CCS with normal glomerular filtration (46.33 \u00b1 93.11 vs. 8.55 \u00b1 3.65 ng\/mL, p = 0.029). This study did not reveal an association between potential treatment-related risk factors such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, and the urinary \u03b22M level. The relationship between treatment with abdominal radiotherapy and reduced eGFR was confirmed (p &lt; 0.05). We demonstrated that urinary beta-2-microglobulin may play a role in the subtle kidney injury in childhood cancer survivors; however, the treatment-related factors affecting the \u03b22M level remain unknown. Further prospective studies with a longer follow-up time are needed to confirm the utility of urinary \u03b22M and its role as a non-invasive biomarker of renal dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10225279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T20:48:36Z","timestamp":1636922916000},"page":"5279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Urinary Beta-2-Microglobulin and Late Nephrotoxicity in Childhood Cancer Survivors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7667-7953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eryk","family":"Latoch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0540-8040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kono\u0144czuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8762-8866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Taranta-Janusz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Muszy\u0144ska-Ros\u0142an","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Sawicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analysis and Bioanalysis of Medicines, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Wasilewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0899-5930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryna","family":"Krawczuk-Rybak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bia\u0142ystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa060185","article-title":"Childhood Cancer Survivors Study. 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