{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:54:26Z","timestamp":1786964066315,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Schistosomiasis is a helminthic infection and one of the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). It is caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. It is an important public health problem, particularly in poverty-stricken areas, especially those within the tropics and subtropics. It is estimated that at least 236 million people worldwide are infected, 90% of them in sub-Saharan Africa, and that this disease causes approximately 300,000 deaths annually. The clinical manifestations are varied and affect practically all organs. There are substantial differences in the clinical presentation, depending on the phase and clinical form of schistosomiasis in which it occurs. Schistosomiasis can remain undiagnosed for a long period of time, with secondary clinical lesion. Here, we review the clinical profile of schistosomiasis. This information may aid in the development of more efficacious treatments and improved disease prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10235521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T01:43:22Z","timestamp":1638323002000},"page":"5521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Clinical Spectrum of Schistosomiasis: An Update"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Carbonell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Infecciosas, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Infecciosas, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amparo","family":"L\u00f3pez-Bern\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Infecciosas, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade de Guarda, 6300-749 Guarda, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inmaculada","family":"Galindo-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Atenci\u00f3n Primaria, 39740 Santo\u00f1a, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Velasco-Tirado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Dermatolog\u00eda, CAUSA, CIETUS, IBSAL, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1269-4487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Infecciosas, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Pardo-Lled\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, IDIVAL (Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Valdecilla), 39008 Santander, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2230-1256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moncef","family":"Belhassen-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Infecciosas, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20205","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.26.20205-en","article-title":"Infectious diseases among travellers and migrants in Europe, EuroTravNet 2010","volume":"17","author":"Gautret","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1116","article-title":"Outbreak of Swimmer\u2019s Itch in Denmark","volume":"99","author":"Tracz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Derm-Venereol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1086\/593191","article-title":"Acute Schistosomiasis Outbreak: Clinical Features and Economic Impact","volume":"47","author":"Leshem","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. 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